高中英语总结
1.able 用法：be able to do
Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。
be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。
2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。
Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。
3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。
Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。
4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing
Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。
5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。
Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。
6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。
Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days.
7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。
Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。
8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。
Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive.
9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do
Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in.
10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。
Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best.
11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。
Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later.
12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。
Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks.
13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。
Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door.
14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to do
Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。
15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。
Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。
16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。
Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion.
17.ask 用法：ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for
Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式。
18.asleep 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。
Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配；sound asleep表示熟睡。
19.attend 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。
Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。
20.attention 用法：pay attention to; draw/catch sb’s attention
Note: 写通知时的常用语：May I have your attention, please?
21.beat 用法：表示打败某人，或连续不断地击打某物。
Note: heartbeat表示心跳。
22.because 用法：后面接原因状语从句，because of后面接名词。
Note: because表示直接原因，因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。
23.become 用法：系动词，表示变得……。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。
Note: become of sb.表示某人发生了什么事情。
24.before 用法：before long, long before, the day before yesterday, the week / year before last 上上周/前年
Note: It be + 段时间 before…在该句型中，主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。
25.begin 用法：begin to do; begin doing
Note: 当begin本身是进行时的时候，只能用begin to do的形式。如：It was beginning to rain.
26.believe 用法：believe sb.表示相信某人说的话；believe in sb.表示信任；6123结构。
Note: 回答问句时通常用I believe so/not的形式。
27.besides 用法：表示除……之外还有，包含在一个整体之中。
Note: 还可以用作副词，表示此外，要用逗号隔开。
28.beyond 用法：表示越过、在另一边，如：beyond the wood/bridge.
Note: 可以用于引申含义，表示超出……，如：beyond control/power/description.
29.bit 用法：与a little一样可以修饰不可数名词，形容词或副词。
Note: 修饰名词时要用a bit of；not a bit表示一点也不。
30.blame 用法：take/bear the blame; blame sth. on. sb.
Note: 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态，如：He is to blame.
31.blow 用法：blow down/away
Note: 表示风刮得很大时要用blow hard.
32.boil 用法：boiling表示沸腾的；boiled表示煮过的。
Note: boiling point可以表示沸点。
33.borrow 用法：borrow表示借入：lend表示借出。
Note: 点动词，不能表示借的时间长短。
34.breath 用法：hold one’s breath;out of breath; save one’s breath
Note: take a breath表示深吸一口气；take breath表示喘口气。
35.burn 用法：burn down/up/one’s hand
Note: burning表示点着的；burnt表示烧坏的。
36.business 用法：on business表示出差；in/out of business表示开/关张。
Note: 表示商业时不可数，表示具体的行业时可数。
37.busy 用法：be busy with/doing.
Note: 不能说My work is busy. 应说I am busy with my work.
38.buy 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.
Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。
39.but 用法：not…but.. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点
Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only… but also…引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能
40.by 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way
Note: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。
41.care 用法：take care of; with care; care for/about
Note: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。
42.carry 用法：carry表示搬运；carry on表示进行；坚持下去；carry out表示执行。
Note: carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。
43.case 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case
Note: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。
44.catch 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with
Note: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.
45.cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here.
Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。
46.chance 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that…
Note: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。
47.change 用法：change A for B表示用A换成B；change A into B 表示把A变成B。
Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。
48.class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。
Note: in class表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。
49.close 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。
Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。
50.clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。
Note: 要用few或many来修饰。
51. buy 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.
Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。
52. but 用法：not…but.. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点
Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only… but also…引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能
53. by 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way
Note: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。
54. call 用法： call for / up / back / in / , call on sb. to do sth., pay / make a call on sb. give sb. a call ,on call
Note: call at后面跟地点；call on 后面跟人。
55. care 用法：take care of; with care; care for/about
Note: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。
56. carry 用法：carry表示搬运；carry on表示进行；坚持下去；carry out表示执行。
Note: carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。
57. case 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case
Note: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。
58. catch 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with, catch sb. doing sth.
Note: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.
59. cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here.
Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。
60. chance 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that…
Note: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。
61. change 用法：change A for B表示用A换成B；change A into B 表示把A变成B。
Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。
62. charge用法：charge sb. with (doing) sth. that… , charge sb. to do sth. charge sb. for $
Note: in charge of 负责； in the charge of 由某人负责(表示的是被动的)。
63. class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。
Note: in class表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。
64. clear用法：clear away, clear off, make clear, it is clear that…
Note: clear up 及物时表示“澄清，整理，收拾”；不及物表示“晴朗起来，开朗起来”。
65. close 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。
Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。
66. clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。
Note: 要用few或many来修饰。
67. collect 用法：collect stamps; collect one’s child from school
Note: a collect phone表示对方付费的电话。
68. come 用法：表示到说话者所处的地方来。常见短语有：come to, come about, come across, come out,come to an end, come down, come up, come into being/ exist / force / effect等。
Note: 可用作系动词，表示变成，如：His dreams came true.
69. common 用法：表示普遍性，如：Smith is a common name.
Note: common sense表示常识；in common表示共同点。
70. compare 用法：compare…with…表示把……与……作比较；compare…to…表示把……比作……。
Note: 用作状语时，二者都可以表示比较，如：Compared with/to other women, she was very lucky.
71. consider用法：consider doing sth. / what to do / that...，consider sb. sth. 6123结构
Note: 该词直接跟宾语用动名词但可以用不定式作宾补；considering引导短语作状语，表示“考虑到”
72. condition 用法：表示生活、工作等的条件或状况。
Note: on condition that表示只要，条件状语从句。
73. content 用法：be content with/to do
Note: 表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。
74. cost 用法：sth. cost sb. some money，只能用物作主语。
Note: 修饰cost要用副词high或low.
75. cover 用法：be covered with表示状态；be covered by表示动作。
Note: 反义词uncover表示揭开盖子；discover表示发现。
76. cross用法：cross off 划掉，cross one’s mind, cross out, bear one’s cross 忍受痛苦
Note: 作形容词一般用于be cross with sb. = be angry with sb.
77. crowd 用法：be crowded with
Note: 集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。
78. cure 用法：cure sb. of …
Note: cure 强调治愈，表示结果；而treat知表示动作。
79. cut 用法：cut down/up/off
Note: 作名词时a short cut表示捷径。
80. damage 用法：do damage to sb. = do sb. harm
Note: 表示损害的时候不可数，复数形式可以表示赔偿费。
81. danger 用法：in danger表示处于危险的境地。
Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体危险时可数。
82. dare用法：作为情态动词一般用于否定句，疑问句或者条件状语从句；作为实意动词后跟不定式。
Note: I dare say that….意为：我猜测，可能，或许。
83. dark 用法：before/after dark; in the dark
Note: 可以表示深色的，如：dark blue.
84. deal 用法：a great/good deal of修饰不可数名词。
Note: 作动词时构成短语deal with, 常与副词how搭配。
85. defeat用法：及物动词，后面的宾语是国家，队，军队等名词。
Note: 不能用人作宾语。
86. demand 用法：demand to do; demand that…, demand of sb. to do sth.
Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：demand that sb. (should) do的形式。
87. depend用法：depend on sb./ sth. / one’s doing sth. / to do sth.
Note: depend 不及物动词，常和on连用。意为“依靠，信赖”
88. desert 用法：名词表示沙漠；动词表示抛弃。
Note: 可以用过去分词作表语或定语，表示废弃的，如：a deserted house.
89. determine 用法：determine to do; determine sb. to do
Note: 过去分词表示有决心的，可以说be determined to do sth. 决心做…(表示状态)
90. devote 用法：devote oneself to; be devoted to
Note: 与devote搭配的to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。如：His whole life was devoted to teaching.
91. die 用法：die of/from/for/out/ away
Note: 点动词，不与for引起的时间状语连用。
92. difficulty 用法：have difficulty with; have difficulties with sth. ; have difficulty in doing sth. ;
Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体困难时可数。
93. disagree 用法：disagree with sb.
Note: disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀，但并不是个否定词。注意它的反义问句形式：He disagreed with you, didn’t he?
94. distance 用法：in the distance; at a distance
Note: 可用于引申含义，表示时间上或情感上的距离。
95. divide 用法：divide…into…表示把……分成几份。强调分成等份。
Note: 可以表示除法，如：Nine divided by three is three.
96. do 用法：do away with, do sb. a faour; do up; do with., do wonders, do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb.
Note: 主要用作及物动词；不及物时表示“行”：If you have no pen, pencil will do.
97. doubt用法：doubt sb. / sth. , beyond doubt, in doubt, no doubt, without a doubt
Note: 主句是否定句时宾语用that引导；主句是肯定句时宾语用whether / if引导。
98. downtown 用法：副词，前面不加介词，如：go downtown.
Note: 可用作定语，如：a downtown street.
99. draw 用法：draw a picture/the curtain
Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：draw a conclusion/lesson.
100. dream 用法：dream of/about/that…
本资料来源于《七彩教育网》
高一英语阅读理解专讲专练含答案及解析一
先通读，后细读
阅读一篇文章，最好采用先通读、再细读的策略。首先要快速浏览全文，这一点非常重要。因为一篇文章是一个整体，是围绕一个中心思想组织的。如果我们了解了文章大体讲的是什么，有了整个篇章的结构模式，就有利于我们理顺句子或段落间的关系，准确地把握文章的主旨，同时也有利于我们在解题过程中有重点地细读部分内容。 一篇文章无论长短，要做到一口气读下来。对于生词，只要不妨碍我们理解主要内容，可暂时放下不管。如果我们读读停停，左顾右盼，往往会把文章完整的体系读破了，有碍于对文章整体的理解。在掌握了文章的大体内容后，我们再根据需要解答的问题逐句细读，认真分析词义及句子结构，从而更准确地把握文章的具体内容。
Passage A
阅读理解
An old friend from California called from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining (解释) where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫). Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator(电冰箱).①
Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all this in great surprise.② There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my nextdoor neighbor's house!
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. An old friend of mine called ______.
A. to tell me to meet him at the airport
B. to tell me about his arrival
C. to ask me to leave the office
D. to ask me to make plans for his arrival
2. My friend climbed into the room because ______ .
A. there was an apple tree outside
B. the living room window was left open
C. he had difficulty opening the door
D. he hadn't found the key
3. My friend telephoned me two hours later ______ .
A. from my home
B. at the airport
C. in his office
D. from my neighbor's house
难句注释
① I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator.
我建议他不要客气，随意吃冰箱里的东西。
② I listened to all this in great surprise.
我很吃惊地听着这一切。
in surprise 意为“吃惊地”。
Passage B
阅读理解
If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties. At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when theyre for other people, but when theyre for me, I just don't like them.
I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university. Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything. He agreed. I should have known better than to believe him.②
On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three. We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female(女) voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.”
And then from all over the room, people joined in. There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.
They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing. I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday.
B. I dislike birthday parties held for me.
C. Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday.
D. I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room.
2. I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school.
A. livingroom
B. bedroom
C. bathroom
D. diningroom
3. What did my friends plan to do?
A. They planned to leave the room as soon as possible.
B. They planned to sing as loudly as they could.
C. They planned to eat in the bathroom.
D. They had planned to come out of hiding places together.
难句注释
① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.
至少我不喜欢为我开的生日晚会。
② I should have known better than to believe him.
我本应知道他要做什么而不该相信他的。
should have known是虚拟语气，意为“本应知道而未知”。
③ I really upset their plans by going in...
我进去只是洗一下手，却真的打乱了他们的计划。
by doing sth.
通过做某事的方式。
Passage D
完形填空
There are many kinds of friends. Some are always 1 you, but don't understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only 2 friends leave footprints (脚印).
I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the 3 . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend.
It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves 4 on the cool 5 . In such a season, I liked walking alone in the leaves, 6 to the sound of them.
Autumn is a 7 season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me 8 . But one day, the sound of a violin 9 into my ears like a stream (小溪) flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was 10 in playing her violin.
I had 11 seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Lost in the music,① I didn't know that I had been 12 there for so long but my existence (存在) did not seem to disturb her.
Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building 13 I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 14 . 15 we didn't know each other, I thought we were already good friends. I believe she also loved me.
Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly 16 . To my astonishment (惊讶), the girl came over to me.
“You must like violin.” she said.
“Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked.
Suddenly, a 17 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual.
“I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that 18 me.” she said.
“In fact, it was your playing 19 gave me a meaningful autumn,②” I answered, “Let's be friends.”
The girl smiled, and so did I.
I never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen like before. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure (身影) of the girl. She is like a 20 —so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light③ that it makes the autumn beautiful.
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. A. withB. forC. againstD. to
2. A. good B. true C. new D. old
3. A. sound B. song C. play D. violin
4. A. shaking B. hanging C. falling D. floating
5. A. wind B. snow C. air D. rain
6. A. watching B. listening C. seeing D. hearing
7. A. lively B. lovely C. harvest D. lonely
8. A. up B. off C. down D. over
9. A. flowed B. grew C. entered D. ran
10. A. lost B. active C. busy D. interested
11. A. once B. never C. often D. usually
12. A. waiting B. stopping C. standing D. hearing
13. A. because B. so C. when D. but
14. A. interesting B. moving C. encouraging D. exciting
15. A. But B. However C. Even D. Though
16. A. stopped B. began C. gone D. changed
17. A. happy B. sad C. strange D. surprised
18. A. surprised B. excited C. encouraged D. interested
19. A. that B. which C. it D. who
20. A. song B. dream C. fire D. sister
难句注释
①Lost in the music“沉浸在琴声中” be lost in sth. 意为“陷入……之中”。
②In fact, it was your playing that gave me a meaningful autumn.
实际上，正是你的演奏给予我一个意味深长的秋天。
It was...that...是强调句型。
③...like a shooting star giving off so much light.
就像是一颗流星放射出如此灿烂的光芒。
Passage A
本文讲述了一位朋友在拜访作者时误入他邻居家却浑然不觉的幽默故事。
1. B. 由第一段第一句 “...called...to tell me that he had arrived.”可知。
2. D. 细节题，由第二段 “...he had not been able to find the key...”可知。
3. D. 以第二段朋友所说的“apple tree”为线索，推知朋友误入邻居家。
Passage B
本文讲述了作者的朋友们想为他开生日party以给他意外惊喜的事。
1. D. 由第三段 “I went into the bathroom...when suddenly from behind...”可知“我”并不知情。
2. C. 由第二段 “We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom...” 推知。
3. D. 由最后一段 “They had all planned to come out of...just at the same time”推知。 Passage C
本文论述了一个好朋友必须具备的四个品质：理解、诚实、可靠和幽默。
1. A. 四个品质中理解最重要。above all else意为“最重要；首先”。
2. B. 不能与你共患难的朋友在你遇到麻烦时会拒绝向你提供帮助。
3. C. 好朋友应相互理解。
4. A. 本文的主题是好朋友所具备的四个品质。
Passage D
文章通过“我”和一个小姑娘秋天邂逅的故事体现了知心朋友的重要性。
1. A. 结合后面一句可知，“许多人与你在一起(with you)， 却不能理解你”。
2. B. 只有真正的朋友，才能留在心中。
3. D. 结合后面的内容可知，“我”每天去听小姑娘拉小提琴。
4. D. 金黄的树叶在秋风中随风飘动。
5. A. 叶子是在风中飘动。
6. B. 现在分词用作伴随状语。
7. C. 秋天本是收获的季节，但是此处“我”却独自一人漫步在落叶之上，与下文的生活的无趣相对应。
8. C. 短语 get sb. down 意为“使人泄气； 使人疲倦”。
9.A. 琴声像山涧溪流一样，流进(flow into)“我”的耳畔。
10. A. 短语be lost in (doing) sth. “陷入……之中”。此处指小姑娘正在聚精会神地拉小提琴。
11. B. 结合上下文可知，“我”以前与小姑娘素不相识。
12. C. “我”沉浸在优美的琴声中，不自觉地在风中伫立。
13. C. 从下文可知，“我”并不是听到琴声才下楼，而是因为两人心有灵犀，每次几乎是在小姑娘拉琴的同时，“我”也到了楼下。因此这里应用when。
14. A. 与上文的“生活无趣”相对，琴声让“我”觉得“生活有趣”。
15. D. 从整个句意来看，这里是一个让步状语从句。though表“尽管”，合乎文意。
16. A. 与平日不同，琴声突然停止，小姑娘朝“我”走来，让“我”惊讶。
17. B. 由下文可知，小姑娘即将离开，故脸上闪现出悲伤的神色。
18. C. 在小姑娘眼中，“我”每天来听琴对她是一种无声的激励。
19. A. 此处是一个强调句型。
20. B. 结合全文的意思可知，在“我”看来，小姑娘就像一个梦，让“我”久久难忘。
1.When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house...当我问他找房子是否有困难时…… (Line 14, Passage A)
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为“在做某事方面有困难”，也可以说：have trouble (in) doing sth. 如：
I have some difficulty understanding him. 我理解他有些困难。
Did you have any trouble in finding his house? 你找到他家有困难吗？
英语中还有have difficulty with sth. 和have trouble with sth. 如：
I dont have much difficulty with English grammar.
我学英语语法并没有太多的困难。
I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.
我希望你应付这工作没有困难。
2.The girl smiled, and so did I. 小姑娘笑了，我也笑了。(Line 29, Passage D)
“So + be(have，助动词或情态动词)+ (另一)主语 ”用于表示某人与前者具有相同的肯定情况，意为“某人也一样”。如：
I like dogs; so does he. 我喜欢狗，他也如此。
He can speak good English and so can she. 他能说一口好英语，她也能。
如果对前面所说的内容加以肯定，那就不倒装。如：
—Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。
—So he did. 确实如此。
过去完成时概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即所谓“过去的过去”。
过去完成时的基本用法
1、表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如：
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
2、表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从19xx年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3、叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
例如：
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
4、在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
例如：
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
5、过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
6、在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。
例如：
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
7、动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 例如：
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
8、过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。 例如：
Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.
做完早操后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform.
他到月台时火车刚开走。
They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.
他们一到地里就开始耕地。
2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.
他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。
3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.
我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.
我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。
4．在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。
When we got there the basketball match had already started.
我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。
The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been.
老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。
5．如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语，句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。
如：
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American
continent.
老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。
6．表述说话人始料未及的事情时，句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响，常会用错时态。 Jack, you are also here! I didn’t see you.
杰克，你也在这啊！我没有看见你。
过去完成时专项练习
1. He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone
C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten.
A. learned B. was learning
C. had learned D. learnt
3. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. has; a great deal of B. has; several
C. had; a lot of D. had; a few
4. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. was cooked
C. have cooked D. cooked
5. She said she __________ the principal already. A. has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 6. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 7. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 8. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A. had learned; piano B. had learned; the piano C. has learned; the piano D. learns; piano. 9. He _____ in the factory for three years before he joined the army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 10. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 11. Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 12. They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living 13. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A. have cleaned B. have been cleaned C. was cleaned D. had cleaned 14. The man ________ his coat and went out. A. put on B. was putting on C. will put on D. had put on 15. Dad ________ while he _______ TV. A. fell asleep; watch B. was falling asleep; watched C. fell asleep; was watching D. had fallen asleep; watched 16．Lucy told me last week that they_____ all the walls of their new house painted______. A. had had; the day before B. would have; yesterday C. have; the day before D. will; the following day 17. —Good morning. Can I help you? —I'd like to have this package_______, Madam. A. to be weighed B. weighed C. weigh D. weighing 18. He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch ______. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair 19. Is there any possibility of getting the price______ further? A. reduced B. reduce C. reducing D. be reduced
20. To my sorrow, I did the same work as he did but got ____ much less.
A. paying B. paid
C. to pay D. to be paid
Keys:
ACBAD BCBCD DCDAC ABBAB
书面表达中的高级结构
我们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。
一．高级词汇
1．occur 替换 think of
Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →
An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
2．devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading. →
He devotes all his spare time to reading.
3．seek替换want / look for
They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.
4．average 替换ordinary
I’m an average ( ordinary ) student.
5．but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting. →
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
The film we saw last night was anything but boring.
6．seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.
7．suppose 替换should
He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.
8．appreciate 替换thank
Thank you very much for you help. →
We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.
9．the case替换 true
I don’t think it is the case ( true ).
10．on替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
On his arrival, he began his research..
11．due to替换because of
He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.
12．cover替换walk/read
After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.
13．contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby
① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?
② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).
15．come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.
16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).
17．come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.
18．set aside替换save
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)
19．be of + n. 替换adj.
The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.
20．refer to 替换talk about/of, mention
The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.
21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do
I could not but (had to) go home.
22．more often than not替换usually
More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.
23．lest替换so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →
I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.
24．be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for
I want to see you very much. →
I am long to see you.
25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.
26．more than替换very
① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 )
② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)
27．perfect (ly) 替换good/ very well
He speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).
28．do sb a/the favor 替换help
Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?
29．the other day替换a few days ago
The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )
30．in the course of替换during
In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
31．the majority of替换most
The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
32．consist of替换be made up of
Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.
33．be worn out替换 be tired / broken
① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).
② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.
34．become of替换 happen
What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?
35．attend to替换look after
36．on condition that替换as long as
37．nevertheless替换however
38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with
39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do
40．many a 替换many
41．be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing
42．a handful of替换a little / some
43．meanwhile替换at the same time
44．get to one’s feet替换stand up
45．beneath替换under
46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while
47．for instance替换for example
48．seldom替换not often
49．wealthy替换 rich
50．amazing替换surprising
51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact
二．高级句型结构
◆ It句型
① It will be + some time + before…
It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.
② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.
It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.
He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（20xx年湖北卷） ③ It is + 被强调部分 + that?
1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.
2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.
◆ more …than any other 表示最高级
Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.
◆ 名词从句
① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 Ⅲ ) ② My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
◆（非限制性）定语从句
① The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→
The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003)
② It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷)
◆ 分词结构
① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001)
② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷Ⅱ) ③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷）
④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（20xx年湖南卷）
◆ with结构
① A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.
② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.
◆ 倒装句
① The library is to the east of the teaching building. →
East of the teaching building is the library.
② Although we are tired, we are happy.→
Tired as we are, we are happy.
③ Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)
④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（20xx年湖南卷）
◆ 被动语态
① Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)
② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 Ⅳ)
③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)
◆ 巧妙的改写
（1）．Only 改成no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam.
（2）．as soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.
（3）．have sb/sth do/done
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).
（4）．变换插入语的位置
① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →
They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)
② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ)
(5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→
Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002上海卷)
Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（20xx年湖南卷）
◆ 其它
（1）注重句子的开头
① 用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.
With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.（20xx年湖南卷）
With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（20xx年江苏卷）
② 用非谓语动词形式开头
ⅰ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.
ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.
（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）
◆◆ 相关过渡语
1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last…
2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…
3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…
4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…
5). 表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of…
6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…
7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude…
n. 生产；制造
n. （bacterium的复数形式）细菌
n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
逐渐增强；建立；开发
导致；造成（后果）
n. 营养;滋养；食物
n. 矿物；矿石
n. 发现；发觉
n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚集
集中（注意力、精力等）于
n. 土壤
vt. 减少；减缩
使?免受（影响;害）；使?含（有害物）
n. (=soyabean) 大豆
n. 根；根源
vt. 浏览；略读
vt. 画底线标出；强调
n. 总结；摘要；概要
n. 评论；议论 vi. & vt. 表达意见；作出评论
n. 生产者；制片人
adj. 工业的；产业的
Unit 3
n. 幽默；滑稽
n. 故事、笑话等中的妙语；关键语
adj. 口头的
adj. 不用语言的
n. 哑剧
查理·卓别林（英国喜剧大师）
爱德华·李尔（英国作家、画家）
n. 喜剧
维克多·雨果（法国文学家）
直到现在
vt. 使更愉快；使更有希望
adj. 忧愁的；沮丧的
adj. 满足的；满意的n. 满足vt. 使满足
对??满足
n. 表演者；演出者
t. 使惊诧
adj. 令人感到惊讶的
adj. 幸运的；吉利的
adv. 不幸地
穷的；缺少的
n. 十几岁（13至19岁的年龄）
adj. 平常的；普通的
adj. 厌烦的
adj. 微妙的；精巧的；技艺精湛的
vt. & vi. 使欢乐；款待
adj. 愉快的；有趣的
adj. 迷人的；有魅力的
n. 流浪汉；行乞者
prep. 遍及;贯穿adv. 到处；始终；全部
adj. 无家的；无家可归的
n. 小胡子
adj. 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的
adj. 磨破的；穿旧的
adv. 僵硬地
n. 失败（者）
n. 乐观；乐观主义
vt.&vi. (overcame,overcome) 战胜;克服
n. 失败者；处于劣势的一方
n. 暴风雪
n. 皮革
挑出；辨别出
n. 饰带；花边；鞋带
切断；断绝
vt. & vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼（食物）
n. 一口；满口
n. 享受；欢乐；乐趣
vt. 使信服
adj. 令人信服的
vt. & vi. 导演；指示；指挥 adj. 直的；直接的；直率的 担任主角；主演
n. 奥斯卡
adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的
n. 瑞士（欧洲中部国家）
n. 信心；信念
n. 服装；戏装
n. 姿态；手势 vi. 做手势
adj. 特殊的；特别的 n. 细节；细目
adv. 特殊地；特别地
n. 时刻；场合
n. 预算；开支
n. 女演员
vt. & vi. （使）滑动；（使）滑行 n. 滑；滑动；幻灯片 vt. 使发笑；使愉快
adj. 好笑的；有趣的
n. 烙饼；薄饼
n. 解释；讲解；说明 n. 侦探
n. 夏洛克·福尔摩斯 adj. 多山的；山一般的
n. 耳语；低语 vt. & vi. 低语；小声说 adj. 巨大的；辽阔的 n. 节奏
n. 脏或乱的状态 vi. 作出反应；回应 n. 粥；麦片粥 adj. 醉的 Unit 4
n. 陈述；说明 vi. & vt. 迎接；问
高中英语词组固定搭配
一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aim to do sth. 打算做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事
二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。
汉语的“希望某人做某事”，英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“感谢某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。
汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。
汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。
三、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth. 承认做某事
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
deny doing sth. 否认做某事
discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事
escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事
fancy doing sth. 设想做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
keep doing sth. 保持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事
prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
report doing sth. 报告做某事
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
understand doing sth. 理解做某事
四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词
bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事
catch sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事
discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事
feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事
find sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事
get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事
listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事
look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事
notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事
prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事
send sb. doing sth.使某人（突然）做某事
set sb. doing sth. 使（引起）某人做某事
start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事
stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
watch sb. doing sth. 观五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词 feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事
have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事
look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事
can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事
intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事
cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事
七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词
(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事
remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事
(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事
(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遗憾）要做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事
(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事
try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果
(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事
go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事
注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同，前者指停下来去做某事，后者指停止正在做的事，但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语，是目的状语。
八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词
(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 (2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱） fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物 post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌） tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况 spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物
注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同，如bring，play等：
Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to [for] me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。
He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。
有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义不同，如leave等：
They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。
My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.
我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。
而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语，如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：
He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。
He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。
This caused me much trouble. 着给我带来了许多麻烦。
He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。
His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。
I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。
They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。
He refused her nothing. 她要什么就给什么。
九、可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事（罪），指责某人做某事
cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病，改掉某人的坏习惯
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况（事）
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况（事）
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况
十、可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词
blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事
criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事
scold sb. for doing sth. 指责（责备）某人做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
十一、可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词
cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
food sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事
frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
十二、容易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词
误：deal a problem
正：deal with a problem 处理问题
误：depend sb.
正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人
误：insist doing sth.
正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
误：knock the door
正：knock on [at] the door 敲门
误：operate sb.
正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术
误：participate sth.
正：participate in sth. 参加某事
误：refer sth.
正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物
误：rely sb. / sth.
正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖）某人（某物
误：reply a letter
正：reply to a letter 回信
注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动词也可能及物，如insist, reply等动词后可接宾语从句，operate表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物。
十三、容易误用作不及物动词的8个及物动词
误：serve for sb.
正：serve sb. 为某人服务
误：marry with sb.
正：marry sb. 与某人结婚
误：discuss about sth.
正：discuss sth. 讨论某事
误：mention about sth.
正：mention sth. 提到某事
误：enter into a room
正：enter a room 进入房间
误：contact with sb.
正：contact sb. 与某人联系
误：equal to sth.
正： equal sth. 等于某物
误：ring to sb.
正：ring sb. 给某人打电话
注：有个别词在用于其他意义时，可以是不及物的，如enter into可以表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动，或用于较抽象的概念。如：
The country entered into a state of war. 这个国家进入战争状态。
I can enter into your feelings at the loss of your father. 我理解你失去父亲后的心情。
The two old men entered into a long conversation. 两位老人开始长谈起来。 十四、17个常用“be+形容词+about”结构
be angry about 为……生气
be anxious about 为……担忧
be careful about 当心……
be certain about 确信……
be curious about 对……好奇
be disappointed about 对……失望
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
be glad about 对……感到高兴
be happy about 为……感到高兴
be hopeful about 对……抱有希望
be mad about 对……入迷
be nervous about 为……感到不安
be particular about 对……讲究
be sad about 为……而难过
be serious about 对……认真
be sure about 对……有把握
be worried about 为……担忧
十五、10个常用“be+形容词+at”结构
be angry at 为……生气
be bad at 不善于……
be clever at 擅长于……
be disappointed at 对……失望
be expert at 在……方面是内行
be good at 善于……
be mad at 对……发怒
be quick at 在……方面敏捷
be skilful at 在……方面熟练
be slow at 在……方面迟钝
十六、18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构
be anxious for 渴望
be bad for 对……有害，对……不利
be bound for 前往
be celebrated for 以……出名
be convenient for 对……方便，在……附近
be famous for 因……闻名
be fit for 合适，适合
be good for 对……有益（方便）
be grateful for 感谢
be hungry for 渴望得到
be late for 迟到
be necessary for 对……有必要
be ready for 为……准备好
be sorry for 因……抱歉
be suitable for 对……合适（适宜）
渴望 be eager for
be thankful for 因……而感激 be well-known for以……出名
十七、6个常用“be+形容词+from”结构 be absent from 缺席，不在
be different from 与……不同
be far from 离……远，远远不 be free from 没有，免受
be safe from 没有……的危险 be tired from 因……而疲劳
十八、13个常用“be+形容词+in”结构 be concerned in 与……有关
be disappointed in 对（某人）感到失望 be engaged in 从事于，忙于
be experienced in 在……方面有经验 be expert in 在……方面是行家 be fortunate in 在……方面幸运 be honest in 在……方面诚实
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be lack in 缺乏
be rich in 富于，在……方面富有 be skilful in 擅长于
be successful in 在……方面成功 be weak in 在……方面不行
十九、18个常用“be+形容词+of”结构 be afraid of 害怕
be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧 be aware of 意识到，知道
be capable of 能够，可以
be careful of 小心，留心
be certain of 确信，对……有把握 be fond of 喜欢
be free of 没有，摆脱
be full of 充满
be glad of 为……而高兴
be nervous of 害怕
be proud of 为……自豪
be short of 缺乏
be shy of 不好意思
be sick of 对……厌倦
be sure of 肯定，有把握
be tired of 对……厌烦
be worthy of 只得，配得上
二十、20个常用“be+形容词+to”结构 be accustomed to 习惯于
be blind to 对……视而不见
be close to 靠近，接近
be cruel to 对……残酷，对……无情 be devoted to 献身，专心于
be equal to 等于，能胜任
be familiar to 为（某人）所熟悉 be harmful to 对……有危害
be important to 对……重要p;
be open to 对……开放，易受到
be opposed to 反对，不赞成
be opposite to 在……对面，和……相反 be polite to 对……有礼貌
be related to 与……有关（是亲戚） be respectful to 尊敬
be rude to 对……无礼
be similar to 与……相似
be true to 忠实于，信守
be used to 习惯于
be useful to 对……有用
二十一、16个常用“be+形容词+with”结构 be angry with 对（某人）生气
be bored with 对……厌烦
be busy with 忙于
be careful with 小心
be concerned with 关于，与……有关 be content with 以……为满足
be delighted with 对……感到高兴 be disappointed with 对（某人）失望 be familiar with 熟悉，精通
be honest with 对（某人）真诚
be ill with 患……病
be patient with 对（某人）有耐心 be pleased with 对……满意（高兴） be popular with 受……欢迎
be satisfied with 对……满意
be strict with 对（某人）严格
二十二、24个常用“in+其他词+of”结构 in advance of 在……前面
in aid of 帮助
in behalf of 为了，为了……的利益 in case of 如果，万一，以防
in celebration of 庆祝
in charge of 负责，管理
in commemoration of 纪念，庆祝 in defence of 保卫
in explanation of 解释
in face of 面对
in favour of 赞成，主张
in front of 在……前面
in honor of 纪念，祝贺，欢迎
in memory of 纪念
in need of 需要
in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有
in praise of 称赞
in respect of 关于，就……而言
in search of 寻找，搜找
in sight of 看得见，在看见……的地方
in spite of 虽然，尽管
in support of 为了支持（拥护）……
in view of 鉴于，考虑到
注：同时注意一下相似结构：
in exchange for 作为对……的交换
in preparation for 为……作准备
in return for 作为……的报答
in reward for 作为……的报酬
in addition to 加之，除……之外
in answer to 回答，响应
in contrast to [with] 与……形成对比
in opposition to 与……相反，反对
in reply to 作为对……的回答（答复）
in response to 回答，响应
in [with] reference to 关于
in [with] regard to 关于
二十三、27个带to doing sth.的常用结构
1．动词+介词to+动名词
(1) admit to doing sth. 承认做了某事
(2) apply to doing sth. 适用于做某事
(3) object to doing sth. 反对做某事
(4) see to doing sth. 负责做某事
(5) stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事
(6) take to doing sth. 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事
2．动词+宾语+介词to+动名词
(1) apply oneself to doing sth. 专心致力于做某事
(2) devote sth. to doing sth. 把……献给做某事
(3) devote oneself to doing sth. 献身于做某事
(4) limit sth. to doing sth. 把……限制在做某事的范围内
(5) reduce sb. to doing sth. 使某人沦为做某事
3．动词+名词+介词to+动名词
(1) give one’s life to doing sth. 献身于做某事
(2) give one’s mind to doing sth. 专心做某事
(3) have a dislike to doing sth. 厌恶做某事
(4) have an eye to doing sth. 注意做某事
(5) have an objection to doing sth. 反对（反感）做某事
(6) pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
(7) set one’s mind to doing sth. 决心做某事
4．be+形容词+介词to+动名词
(1) be equal to doing sth. 等于做某事，能胜任做某事
(2) be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
(3) be opposed to doing sth. 反对做某事
(4) be reduced to doing sth. 使某人沦为做某事
(5) be devoted to doing sth. 把时间（钱，精力等）献给做某事
(6) be limited to doing sth. 把……限制在做某事的范围内
5．其他结构+介词to+动名词
(1) get down to doing sth. 开始做某事，认真处理某事
(2) look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
(3) What do you say to doing sth? 你认为做某事如何？
阅读理解解题指导
一、解题方法
1.先看选项有意识有目的地在细节处和关键处圈画
2.锁定最醒目的字眼（time age number place…）
3.搜寻信息词,如：
（1）5W：Who what when where why（how）
（2）时间先后: First then after that next finally
（3）因果: Because /thus /lead to/ is caused by /as a result of /Likeness/alike /common just as/ either…or
（4）比较 :Similarly, differently, likeness, unlike,
But/while/however/instead/on the contrary
二、解题步骤：
1.略读—快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。
2. 细读—带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
3.复读 —复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写是否正确。
解题时要注意什么？
①.字数的限制
1.审文章提示
②.是否可以用原文中的单词。
①.整个文章结构(大小标题）
2.审结构表达短语类对应
②.内容表达
句子类
①.字母大小写
②.名词的数和格
3.审语法运用③.动词的形式
④.形容词副词的比较级最高级
⑤. 连词，介词
⑥.时态语态，主谓一致，第三人称等