中医英语考试总结140528-AllenLew

时间:2024.3.2

2013级生药学Allen Lew总结中医英语考试重点

1,2,3,4,6,7,11,16,17章的答案(红色部分为重点)

第一课

一.术语翻译

1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM中医药学

2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine中医基础理论

3. clinical experience临床经验

4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation辩证论治

5. miscellaneous diseases杂病

6. Chinese pharmacy中药(学)Chinese materia medica

7. four properties and five tastes/flavors四气五味(cold;hot;warm;coolsour;bitter;sweet;pungent;salty)

五行five elements四气four properties五味five flavors七情seven emotions相须mutual reinforcement相使mutual assistance相畏mutual restraint相恶mutual inhibition相反antagonism相杀mutual suppression

8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox针灸

9. classical Chinese philosophy古代中国哲学

10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis汗法

11. purgation下法

12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy吐法

13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth补土派

14. etiology病因学

15. prescription; formula方剂

16. medical practice医疗实践

17. therapeutic principles治疗原则

18. herbs cold and cool in nature寒凉药物

19. nourishing yin and reducing fire滋阴降火

20. diseases caused by blood stagnation淤血致病

中医诊断学diagnostics of Chinese medicine 治未病treating disease before its onset脉诊pulse diagnosis 本草(学)materia medica 伤寒论Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases 症候syndrome and sign 药性medicinal property 滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire 滋阴清热nourishing yin and clearing away fire 血瘀blood stasis攻下派school of purgation 温补脾胃warming and tonifying spleen and stomach

天人相应--correspondence between man and nature

阳常有余;阴常不足--Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficiency.

内伤脾胃,百病由生--internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about various diseases.

二.句子翻译

1. TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases. 中国医药学有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。

2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system. 中医学有完整独立的理论体系。

3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生、发展和防治规律的一门科学。

4. Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。

5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore. 《难经》在许多方面,尤其是在脉学上,补充了《皇帝内经》的不足。

6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China. 《诸病源侯论》是中医学最早的一部病因症候学专著。

7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient. 阳常有余,阴常不足。

8. Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases. 内伤脾胃,百病由生。

9. Compendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world. 《本草纲目》是中药学史上的不朽著作,并对世界药学的发展做出了伟大的贡献。

10. Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts. 中药不但包含草药,而且包含矿物药和动物药等。

11. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools. 金元时期出现了后世称为“金元四大家”的医学流派。

12.Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.张从正认为病由邪生,提倡汗、吐、下三法驱邪致病。

13. Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature. 刘宗素认为“火热”为主要病因,用药以寒凉为主。

14. Li Gao, entitled with the School of Reinforcing the Earth, emphasized on warming and invigorating the spleen and stomach. 李杲主张治疗疾病以温补脾胃为主,被称为“补土派”。

15. Zhu Danxi advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases, so he was entitled as the School of Nourishing Yin. 朱丹溪治病以滋阴降火为主,被称为“养阴派”。

16. Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases. 温病是研究四时温病的发生、发展规律及其诊治方法的一门临床科学。

17. The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer. 温病学派创立了以卫气营血和三焦为核心的温病辨证论治规范。

18. Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation. 王清任改正了古医学在人体解剖方面的错误,并倡导瘀血致病的理论。

19. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. 中医学结合为中医的发展与现代化开辟了一条新途径。

20. Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. 中医基础理论系统化和实验研究取得了快速的进展。

第二课

一.术语翻译

1.five zang-organs; five zang-viscera五脏

2. six fu-organs六腑(Extraordinary fu-organs---奇恒之腑 viseral manifestation--藏象)

3. system of meridians and collaterals经络系统

4. holism整体观念

5. organic wholenss有机整体

6. social attribute社会属性

7. (of the five zang-organs) open into开窍

8. sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store生长化收藏

9. diagnostics诊断学

10.relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi邪正关系

11. therapeutics治疗学

12.common cold due to wind and cold风寒感冒

13. different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease同病异治

14. the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases异病同治

15. balance of water metabolism水液代谢平衡

16.clearing away heart fire清心火

17. nature of disease疾病本质

18. treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side以左治右

19. drawing yang from yin从阴引阳

20. treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part 病在上者下取之

五脏five zang-organs 六腑six fu-organs 经络meridian and collateral 中西医结合integration of chinese and western medicine 整体观念concept of holism开窍opening orifices 清心火clearing heart fire 诊断学diagnostics 邪正关系the relation between pathogenic qi and healthy qi病机 mechanism of disease发热 fever恶寒aversion to cold 虚deficiency 实excess 表exterior 里interior 风寒wind-cold 中气下陷sinking of middle qi 补中益气tonifying middle and replenishing qi 辛温中草药pungent-warm medicinal

二.句子翻译

1.The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.中医理论体系有两个基本特点:一是整体观念,二是辨证论治。

2. TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体

3. The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.人体各个组成部分在功能上相互为用,在病理上相互影响

4. The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.整体观念贯穿于中医生理、病理、诊法、辩证和治疗的各个方面。

5. Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.自然界的变化又可以直接或间接地影响人体。

6. Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.人的气血春夏趋向于表,秋冬趋向里。

7. The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里。

8. TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.中医认识到社会活动对心理的影响

9. According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.中医强调形神共存,互用并相互影响。

10. Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.人体阳气白天多趋向于表,夜晚多趋向于里。

11. Regional and climatic differences, to some extent, influence the physiological activities of the human body. 地区气候的差异在一定程度上也影响着人体的生理活动。

12. Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.证是机体在疾病发展过程中的某一阶段的病理概括。

13. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.辨证论治是中医认识疾病和治疗疾病的基本原则,也是中医的基本特点之一。

14. Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.证包括了病变的部位、原因、性质、以及邪正关系。

15. Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.辩证和论治是诊治疾病过程中相互联系不可分割的两个方面。

16. Clinical doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.临床中医注重辨病,但更注重辩证,从而通过治证来治疗疾病。

17. Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.证能更全面、跟正确的揭示疾病的本质

18. Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.不同的疾病可因相同的病机而出现相同的证。

19. If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.如果两种疾病表现出相同的中气下陷证,就均可用升提中气的方法治疗。

20. The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.中医治病不是单纯注重病之异同,而是病机之异同。

第三课

一.术语翻译

1. philosophical concept哲学概念

2. mutual transformation 相互转化

3. balance of yin and yang阴平阳秘

4. transformation between yin and yang阴阳转化

5. extreme cold turning into heat寒极生热

6. pathological changes 病理变化

7. absolute predominance绝对偏盛

8. general rule of pathogenesis病机总纲

9. supplementing what it lacks of/the insufficient补其不足

10. eliminating/expel/dispel wind and dispersing cold祛风散寒

11. mutually waning and waxing相互消长

12. mutually inhibiting and restraining相互制约

13. interdependence相互依存

14. excessive yin leading to disorder of yang阴盛则阳病

15. contrary and supplementary to each other相反相成

16. organic whole有机整体

17. impairment of yang involving yin阳损及阴

18. deficiency of both yin and yang阴阳两虚

19. deficiency cold syndrome虚寒证

20. suppressing yang and eliminating wind潜阳熄风

excess heat syndrome--实热证

Imbanlance between yin and yang --阴阳失衡 internal and external--表里

the essence and the blood sharing the source--精血同源

Relative prediminance and decline of yin and yang--阴阳偏盛衰

水火者,阴阳之征兆也--water and fire are the symbols of yin and yang

实则泻之,虚则补之--treating excess syndromes with reduction,treating deficiency syndromes with reinforcement/complementation

重阴必阳,重阳必阴--extreme yin turns into yang,extreme yang turns into yin.

阴盛则阳病--Yin in excess causing disorder of yang./excessive yin causing yang disease.

孤阴不生,独阳不长--solitary yin or yang fails to live and grow.

阴损及阳,阳损及阴--yin deficiency involving yang, yang deficiency inpairment involving yin.

阴在内,阳之守也;阳在外,阴之使也--Yin in the interior is the material basis for yang,while yang in the exterior is the functional activity for yin.

阴阳者,天地之道也,万物之纲纪,变化之父母,生杀之本始,神明之府也。--yin and yang are the law of nature and earth, the rule of all things,the source of all changes,the origin of life and death,and the residence of spirit.

寒极生热,热极生寒---extreme cold brings on heat,extreme heat brings on cold.

益火之源,以消阴翳--restaining predominance yin by reinforcing yang.

善医者,必先察色按脉,以别阴阳。--A skilled doctor,first of all,differentiates between yin and yang when observing the complexion and feeling the pulse.

物生谓之化,物极谓之变--Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates final change.

天气轻清故属阳,地气重浊故属阴--The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.

阴阳对立opposition of yin and yang阴阳相互转化yin-yang conversion重阴必阳extreme yin turning into yang寒极生热extreme cold generating heat功能属阳,物质属阴the function pertains to yang while substance to yin升降出入ascending,descending,exiting and entering阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang孤阳不生,独阴不长solitary yang failing to grow,solitary yin failing to increase阴阳离绝,精气乃绝if yin and yang separate from each other,essential qi will be exhausted阴盛则阳病predominant yin making yang disorder阴胜则阳病predominance of yin leading to disorder of yang阴阳消长waning and waxing of yin and yang阴阳平衡yin-yang balance阴盛yin exuberance阴平阳秘,精神乃治only when yin is at peace and yang is compact can essence-spirit be normal阴阳失调yin-yang disharmony阴盛阳衰exuberance yin and declined yang实热证excess heat syndrome阴阳偏盛(衰)abnormal exuberance(debilitation)of yin or yang虚者补之

treating deficiency with tonification酸苦涌泄为阴sour and bitter with emetic and purgative effects pertaining to yang淡味渗泄为阳bland taste with dampness-excreting and diuretic effects pertaining to yang

二.句子翻译

1. Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.阴阳中国古代哲学的一对范畴。

2. Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.阴阳是自然界相互关联的某些事物和现象对立双方的概括。

3. The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.宇宙间一切事物的发生、发展和变化都是阴阳对立矛盾运动的结果。

4. The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.天气轻清故属阳,地气重浊故属阴。

5. The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies/indicates their process in mutual reduction and promotion.阴阳相互制约的过程就是相互消长的过程。

6. Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.没有因也就无以言阳,没有阳亦无以言阴。

7. Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence qi.阴阳离绝,经气乃绝。

8. Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.只有不断的消长平衡,才能推动事物的发展。

9. Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.在一定条件下,那样可以各自向其反得方向发展。

10. Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates final change.物生谓之化,物极谓之变。

11. Yin and yang are indispensable for the physical shape of the human body.人生有形,不离阴阳。

12. Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.功能属于阳,物质属于阴。

13. If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.如果阴阳不能相互为用而分离,人的生命也就终止了。

14. No matter how complicated the pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.无论疾病的病理变化如何复杂,都不外乎阴阳的偏盛偏衰。

15. The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.正气指整个机体的结构与功能,包括人体对疾病的抵抗力。

16. If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.机体阴阳的任何一方虚损到一定程度,必然导致另一方的不足17. Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.疾病发生、发展的内在原因在于阴阳失调。

18. The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.从色泽的明暗,可以辨别病情的阴阳属性。

19. The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.治疗的基本原则是补其不足,泄其有余。

20. Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.只有选用适用的药物,才能收到良好的疗效。

第四课

一.术语翻译

1. the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases五行学说

2. free development条达舒畅

3. to be generated and to generate生我,我生

4. restraint in/within generation生中有制

5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally/bending and straightening. 木曰曲直

6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping. 土爰稼穑

7. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing. 水曰润下

8. over restriction and counter-restriction相乘相侮

9. Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient. 土虚木乘

10. generation, restriction, inhibition and transformation生克制化

11. disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ母病及子

12. insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney肝肾精血不足

13. blood deficiency in the heart and liver心肝血虚

14. exuberant fire in the heart心火亢盛

15. insufficiency of liver yin肝阴不足

16. declination of kidney yang 肾阳式微

17. weakness/deficiency of the spleen and stomach脾胃虚弱

18. suppressing the liver and harmonizing the stomach平肝和胃

19. insufficiency of kidney yin肾阴不足

20. discordance between water and fire水火不济

木曰曲直wood characterized by bending and straightening火曰炎上fire characterized by flaring up土爰稼穑earth characterized by sowing and reaping金曰丛革metal characterized by changing水曰润下water characterized by moistening and descending生化generation and transformation木辱金wood counter-restricting metal木为金之所胜wood being restricted by mental木为土之所不胜wood being un-restricted by earth木喜条达wood preferring free activity火为阳fire pertaining to yang土不制水earth failing to control water水生土water generating wood木克土wood restricting earth肝喜条达恶抑郁liver prefers to act freely and dislikes depression肝藏血

二.句子翻译

1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence. 木、火、土、金、水是不可缺少的五种最基本的物质。

2. The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine /theory of five elements.中医理论体在形成过程中,受到古代五行学说的深刻影响。

3. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.水具有滋润和向下的特性。

4. The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.肝主升而归属于土

5. The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.脾主运化而归属于木

6. The kidney pertains to water because it controls water/fluid metabolism.肾主水而归属于水

7. Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other’s growth and function.相克是指以事物对另事物的生长和功能具有抑制和制约的作用

8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates/engenders earth, fire is the generator/producer of earth.木生火,,生我者为木;火生土,我生者为土。

9. Subjugation/Over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.相乘即以强凌弱的意思。

10. When wood is too strong/excessive, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.木过强时,既可以乘脾,又可以侮金。

11. Since the heart yang can warm the body, it pertains to fire.心阳有温煦之功能,故心属火。

12. The liver stores blood to supplement the heart.肝藏血以济心

13. The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.肾藏精以滋养肝的阴血

14. The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organ means that the disease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.子病犯母指疾病的传变从子脏传及母脏

15. The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over the surface of the body.人体是一个有机的整体,内脏有病可以反映到体表。

16. Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the

five elements.相克传变包括相乘和相侮,均属于不正常的相克。

17. The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restriction and counter-restriction.五行的基本属性是生,克,乘,侮。

18. The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.生我者为母,我生者为子。

19. Clinically the doctrine/ theory of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.在临床治疗上,五行学说用来确定治疗原则和治疗方法。

20. The doctrine/ theory of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of further improvement.五行学说也有一定的局限性。

第六课

一.术语翻译

1. the heart governing blood and vessels心主血脉

2. sufficiency of heart qi/ abundance心气充沛

3. rosy complexion 面色红润

4. sufficiency of blood血液充盈

5. unsmoothness of vessels脉道不利

6. lusterless complexion面色无华

7. thin /thready and weak/feeble pulse脉象细弱

8. the heart storing spirit心藏神

9. sweat and blood originating/sharing/be derived from the same origin/source汗血同源

10.ascending, descending, exiting and entering升降出入

11. ascent, dispersion, purification and descent 宣发肃降

12. regulating water passage通调水道

13. the spleen governing transportation and transformation脾主运化

14. nutrients of water and food/cereal essence水谷精微

15. stoppage/accumulation/retention of water and fluid 水液停滞

16. acquired base of life后天之本

17. regulating qi activity/movement调畅气机

18. upward adverse flow of liver qi肝气上逆

19. innate /prenatal essence congenital defect先天之精

20. the kidney receiving qi/ governing reception of qi肾主纳气

Ascending,descending,sinking, and floating--升降沉浮

Channel tropism of medicines--归经 deficiency and excess--虚实

四诊(望,闻,问,切)--four diagostic methods(inspection, anuscultation/olfaction.inquiry,

pulse-taking)

心为君主之官--the heart is the monarch organ.

心者,神之宅也-- the heart is the residence of the spirit.

肺者,相傅之官,治节出焉--the lung,as the minister oegan,controls management and regulation. 风为百病之长--the wind is the leading cause of the various diseases.

风善行而数变--wind being mobile and changeable.

三焦者,以渎之君,水道出焉--the triple energizer, as the waterways,is an organ in charge of the water circulation ,flowing along the waterways.

脾为后天之本,气血生化之源--The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production.

liver storing blood心合小肠heart and small intestine in pair心主血脉heart governing blood and vessels心者生之本也heart being root of life血尿hematuria闭经amenorrhoea神昏unconsciousness馋语delirious speech外感热病external-contraction febrile disease热入心包heat invading pericardium肺合皮毛lung being related to skin and body hair不欲食anorexia便溏loose stool便血bloody stool肝主筋liver governing tendons and ligaments肾藏精kidney storing essence肾主骨kidney governing bone marrow肾主纳气kidney governing qi reception

二.句子翻译

1. The main physiological function of the heart is to control blood vessels and govern the mind.心脏的主要生理功能是主血脉和主神志。

2. The vessels are the passages in which blood flows.脉是血液运行的通道

3. Sufficient heart qi, abundant blood and smoothness of vessels are prerequisite to normal circulation of blood.血液的正常运行必须以心气充沛,血液充盈和脉道通利为其基本的前提条件。

4. Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue.若心有病变,可以从舌上反映出来。 5. The respiratory function of the lung directly influences the production of thoracic/pectoral qi.肺的呼吸功能健全与否,直接影响着宗气的生成。

6. Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea, chest oppression, cough and panting.肺失于宣散,即可出现呼气不利、胸闷、咳喘等病理现象。

7. Hypofunction of the lung in regulating water passage will lead to production of phlegm and retained fluid due to stagnation of water metabolism.如果肺的通调水道功能减退,就可发生水液停聚而生痰、成饮。

8. The pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat.肺的病变多见于鼻、喉的症状。

9. Transportation and transformation of water and food means to digest food and absorb nutrients from food.运化水谷即是对饮食物的消化和吸收。

10. Failure of the spleen to transport normally refers to hypofunction of the spleen in transporting and transforming the nutrients of water and food.脾失健运即脾运化水谷精微的功能减退。

11. The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production.脾为后天之本,气血生化之源。

12. All diseases are caused by weakness of the spleen and stomach.百病皆由脾胃衰而生也

13. The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood.肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄与主藏血。

14. Stagnation of qi will affect blood circulation as well as distribution and metabolism of body fluid.气机的郁结会导致血行及津液的输布代谢障碍。

15. Insufficiency of liver blood or failure of the liver to store blood will cause scanty menstruation or even amenorrhea.肝血不足或肝不藏血时即可引起月经量少,甚则闭经。

16. Sufficient blood stored in the liver and normal function of the liver to regulate blood enable the limbs to get necessary energy for their movement.肢体运动的能量来源依赖于肝的藏血充足和调节血量的作用。

17. The kidney governs growth, development and reproduction.肾主生长、发育、与生殖。

18. The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence.肾所藏得精气包括“先天之气”和“后天之气”。

19. If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal, breath will be smooth and even.肾的纳气功能正常则呼吸均匀和调。

20. Though urine is discharged from the bladder, it depends on qi transforming activity of the kidney to accomplish such a discharge.尿液的排泄虽在膀胱,但须依赖肾的气化才能完成。

第七课

一.术语翻译

1. extraordinary fu-organs

2. isolated fu-organ

3. digest /decompose water and food

4. anus

5. remaining part of /surplus liver qi

6. upper energizer/jiao

7. separating the lucid from the turbid

8. residue of foods

9. The large intestine governs thin body fluid

10. bile/essential juice

11. The small intestine governs thick body fluid

12. primary digestion

13. essential qi

14. the seven important portals

15. The gallbladder is responsible for making decision and judgment

16. discharge waste

17. occurrence of menstruation

18. epiglottis/inhaling portal

19. morphological hollowness

20. transporting and transforming water and food/grain

二.句子翻译

1. The gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food

2. The main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile.

3. Bile is transformed from the essence qi in the liver.

4. The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest /decompose water and food.

5. After primary digestion, the food in the stomach is transferred to the small intestine. The nutrient of food is then transported and transformed to nourish the whole body by the spleen.

6. Food is further divided into nutrient and residue after further digestion in the small intestine.

7. The small intestine also absorbs large quantity of liquid when absorbing nutrients from food.

8. The so-called “lucid” refers to the nutrients of water and food while the so-called “turbid” refers to the residue of food.

9. With the function of the small intestine to separate the lucid from the turbid, the activity of defecation and urination will be normal.

10.The main physiological function of the large intestine is to receive the waste part of foodstuff transmitted down from the small intestine, absorb part of the liquid from the waste and transform the rest part into feces to be discharged from the anus.

11.The bladder stores and discharges urine through the function of qi transformation of the kidney.

12. The stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related to each other.

13. The upper energizer functions as a sprayer.

14. The middle energizer functions as a fermentor.

15. The lower energizer functions as a drainer.

16. The extraordinary fu-organs are morphologically similar to the fu-organs and functionally similar to the zang-organs.

17. The common function of the six fu-organs is to transport and transform water and food and discharge waste.

18. The intelligence and memory of man are associated with the function of the brain.

19. The brain is the house of the primordial spirit.

20. The uterus is the organ where menstruation takes place and fetus is conceived.

第十一课

一.术语翻译

1. six exogenous pathogenic factors外感六淫

2.improper diet and overstrain饮食劳倦

3. common cold due to wind-cold风寒感冒

4. diarrhea due to damp-heat/damp-heat diarrhea湿热泄泻

5. five endogenous pathogenic factors内生五邪

6. pathogenic wind attacking the exterior风邪外袭

7. migratory arthralgia/joint pain游走性关节疼痛

8. wind being the leading pathogenic factor of various diseases风为百病之长

9. attacked/invaded by pathogenic cold感受寒邪

10. decline of yang qi阳气衰退

11. cold tending to stagnate by nature寒性凝滞

12. stagnation of interstitial space腠理闭塞

13. spasm and contraction of muscles and tendons经脉拘急收引

14. pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen湿邪困脾

15. inactivation of spleen-yang脾阳不振

16. production of endogenous heat due to yin deficiency阴虚生内热

17. extreme heat producing wind热极生风

18. internal impairment due to seven emotions七情内伤

19. improper diet饮食不节

20. engorgement /overeating暴饮暴食

etiology--病因学 pateogenesis--病机

气机--qi function/dyamic 舌诊--Tongue diagnosis

气虚,气陷,气滞,气逆--qi deficiency;qi sinking;qi stagnation;reversed flow of qi

血虚,血瘀,血热,血寒--blood deficiency;blood stasis;heat or cold in blood

湿浊--turbid dampness 痰浊--turbid phlegm

形神合一 --homonization between soma and spirit

善行数变--migrant and variable 经络学说--meridian-collateral theory

怒则气上,喜则气缓,悲则气消,恐则气下,惊则气乱,思则气结—

excessive anger drives qi to flow,excessive joy makes qi sluggish,excessive sorrow consumes

qi,excessive fear drives qi to flow downward,excessive fright disorders qi,excessive thought

stagnates qi

六淫six excesses风寒暑湿燥火wind,cold,summerheat,dampness,dryness,fire外风external wind内生五邪five pathogens内风internal wind戾气pestilent qi喜怒优思悲恐惊joy,anger,anxiety,though,sorrow,fear,fright痰饮水湿phlegm-fluid retention淤血static blood血热blood heat正邪相争struggle between heathy qi and pathogenic qi恐则气下fear causing qi sinking惊则气乱fright causing disorder of qi湿盛excessive dampness腹痛abdominal pain心悸palpitation眩晕dizziness胸痛chest pain咯血hemoptysis肋痛hypochondriac pain病因disease cause

二.句子翻译

1. Etiology refers to the cause of diseases resulting from imbalance (between yin and yang) within the body.破坏人体相对平衡状态而引起的疾病的原因就是病因。

2. The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire. 六淫是风、寒、署、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪的总称。

3. Exogenous pathogenic wind invades the body through the skin, hair and muscles, producing syndrome of

exogenous wind. 风邪外袭多自皮毛肌肉而入,从而产生外风病症。

4. The exogenous diseases caused by pathogenic wind are characterized by sudden onset and rapid transmission.由风邪引起的外感疾病一般多发病急,传病快。

5. Pathogenic cold attacks the skin and muscles and leads to the stagnation of defensive-yang, which is called “cold damage”.寒邪伤于肌表,郁遏卫阳,称为“伤寒”

6. Endogenous cold is a pathological manifestation of insufficient yang qi failing to warm the body.内寒则是机体阳气不足,失却温煦的病理反应。

7. The attack of pathogenic summer-heat on the body usually leads to a series of yang symptoms, such as high fever, dysphoria, reddish complexion and full/surging pulse.暑邪伤人多出现一系列阳热症状,如壮热、心烦、面赤、脉洪大等。

8. Pathogenic summer-heat usually accompanies pathogenic dampness to invade the body.暑邪为病常兼浃湿邪侵袭人体所致。

9. Exogenous dampness is primarily caused by such external pathogenic factors as humid climate, moist location and drenching or wading.外湿多由气候潮湿,或涉水淋雨,居处潮湿等所在湿邪侵袭人体所致。

10. Endogenous dampness is a morbid state due to dysfunction of the spleen and retention of water and fluid. 10. Endogenous dampness is a morbid state due to dysfunction of the spleen and retention of water and fluid.内湿则是由于脾失健运,水湿停聚所形成的病理状态。

11. The attack of exogenous dryness on the body tends to consume body fluid and leads to deficiency of yin-fluid.外感燥邪最易耗伤人体的津液,造成阴津亏虚的病变。

12. Pathogenic dryness tends to attack the body through the mouth and nose, so it is liable to damage lung fluid.燥邪伤人多从口鼻而入,故最易损伤肺津。

13. Pathogenic fire-heat tends to consume the body fluid and leads to deficiency of it.火热之邪最易迫津外泄,耗伤人体阴液。

14. Pestilence is a kind of contagious pathogenic factors, characterized by sudden onset, severe conditions, fulminating infection and widespread transmission.疠气是一类具有强烈传染性的病邪,具有发病急骤、病情较重、传染性强、易于流行等特点。

15. The seven abnormal emotions often directly impair their related internal organs, leading to disorder of visceral qi, disharmony between qi and blood, and consequently bringing on diseases. 七情内伤直接影响相应的内脏,使脏腑气机逆乱,气血失调,导致种种疾病的发生。

16. Improper diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them.饮食不节主要是损伤脾胃,导致脾胃功能失调。

17. Overstrain will impair qi, and eventually lead to deficiency of qi, fatigue and weak constitution/emaciation.劳力过度则伤气,久之则气少力衰,神疲消弱。

18. Phlegm and fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water and fluid.痰和饮都是水液代谢障碍所形成的病理产物。

19. The diseases caused by static blood vary according to the location and cause of the stasis. 瘀血的病症特点因瘀阻的部位和形成瘀血的原因不同而异。

20. Pain caused by blood stasis is usually marked by stabbing, fixed and unpalpable pain that worsen/aggrevated during the night.瘀血所致的疼痛多为刺痛,痛处固定不移,拒按,夜间痛甚。

第十六课

一.术语翻译

1. Chinese medicinal herbs中草药

2. four properties and five flavors四气五味

3. the part used for medical purpose入药部位

4. collection of herbs药物采集

5. processing of herbs炮制

6. eliminating impurity/ removal of impurity消除杂质

7. mild/ moderate effect作用缓和

8. relieving exterior syndrome by dispersion发散解表

9. astringing and checking收敛固涩

10. lubricant purgation by softening hardness软坚润下

11. drying dampness to invigorate the spleen燥湿健脾

12. ascending, descending, sinking and floating升降浮沉

13. channel/meridian tropism//channel distribution of medicines归经

14. medication contraindication用药禁忌

15. dosage//dose药物用量

16. pungent and warm herbs with the function of relieving exterior syndrome辛温解表药

17. herbs for expelling wind and dampness祛风湿药

18. eighteen incompatible herbs and nineteen herbs of mutual antagonism十八反,十九畏

19. herbs for clearing away heat and cooling blood清热凉血药

20. herbs for eliminating sputum and stopping/alleviating cough祛痰止咳药

二.句子翻译

1. The seasons and methods of collecting herbs vary with the parts used for medicinal purpose of the herbal plants. 植物药根据入药部分的不同,采集季节和方法也不同。

2. Processing of herbs refers to the preparation of crude herbs with water, fire, alcohol and vinegar.炮制是将采集来的原药用水、火、酒和醋等加以处理。

3. The aim of processing is to get rid of /eliminate/ remove impurity and make the herbs clean for the convenience of oral taking / administration and storage.炮制的目的是清除杂质,使药物清洁,便于服用和保存。

4. The processing of herbs can reduce the toxicity,intensity and side-effects of herbs and reinforce the curative effect.炮制也可减轻药物的毒性、烈性和副作用,增强疗效。

5. Cold-natured herbs have the function of clearing away heat, purging fire, and removing toxins/detoxification.寒性药物具有清热、泻火、解毒的作用。

6. Cool-natured herbs have the same function with cold-natured herbs except that the former is milder.凉性药物的作用与寒性药物相同,但较为和缓。

7. Hot-natured herbs have the function of expelling coldness, warming the interior and invigorating yang.热性药物具有祛寒、温里、助阳的作用。

8. Mild-natured/ Neutral herbs fall in between cool-natured herbs and warm-natured herbs.介于温凉之间的药物为平性药。

9. Herbs pungent in flavor have the function of dispersing and promoting qi flow and blood circulation.辛味药多有发散和行气血的作用。

10. Herbs sweet in flavor have the function of tonifying, harmonizing and moderating.甘味药有补养及和缓的作

用。

11. Herbs sour in flavor have the function of astringing and controlling.酸味药有收敛固涩的作用。

12. Herbs bitter in flavor have the function of drying dampness and promoting defecation.苦味药有燥湿和泻下的作用。

13. Herbs salty in flavor have the function of softening hardness for lubricant defecation.咸味药有软坚润下的作用。

14. The functional tendencies of herbs are marked by ascending, descending, sinking and floating.药物的作用趋向有升降浮沉之别。

15. Channel tropism means that certain herbs play a central role in treating certain disorders of the viscera and channels.所谓归经,是指某种药物对于人体某些脏腑经络的病起着主要作用的一种归纳方法。16. Most herbs have to be used in combination except a few special ones used singularly/in a single way.除少数药单独使用外,多数都是配合起来使用的。

17. Proper combination of herbs can reinforce the curative effects and reduce toxicity.配合适当可以加强药效,或监制毒性。

18. Overuse of herbs with acute/strong toxicity will cause side-effects or intoxication.毒性剧烈的药物用量过多就会发生副作用或中毒。

19. Special attention should be paid to the contraindication of herbs for medication in gestational period.妊娠期间使用中药,应注意药物的禁忌。

20. The dosage of a singularly-applied herb should be large while the dosage of herbs in a compound prescription should be small.单味药用量宜重,复方配伍,用量宜轻。

第十七课

一.术语翻译

1. Science of prescription/prescriptionology方剂学

2. compatibility/combinative relationship配伍关系

3. prescription-formulating principle组成规律

4. modification of prescriptions方剂加减

5. drug form and dosage剂型与剂量

6. sovereign, minister, assistant and guide君臣佐使 (佐助药supplementary herb;佐制药 inhabitory herb;反佐药 contrary herb) 引经药--meridian urshing herb

7. toxicity of medicinal herbs药物毒性

8. moderating /neutralizing the property of herbs缓和药性

9. guiding action引经报使

10. mediating all herbs in a prescription调和诸药

11. warming meridians to dissipate cold温经散寒

12. dispersing lung to relieve/sooth asthma宣肺平喘

13. flexible modification灵活化裁

14. clearing away and dispersing stagnated heat清散郁热

15. modification according to symptoms随症加减

16. processed herbs/prepared slices of Chinese crude herbs药物饮片

17. powder for oral taking/administration内服散剂

18. medicinal extract for external application外用膏剂

19. mixed/infused in boiled water for oral taking开水冲服

20. condensed extract浓缩浸膏

行气moving qi补血tonifying blood 遗精seminal emission收涩药astringent medicinal梦遗nocturnal emission 泄热discharging heat湿浊dampness turbidity清热燥湿clearing heat and drying dampness发汗解表inducing sweating to releasing exterior升阳举陷elevating yang and raising the drooping涌吐法emetic therapy潜阳subduing yang炮制processing of materia medical君臣佐使sovereign,minister,assistant and guide使药guiding medicinal五味消毒饮Five-Ingredient Toxin-Eliminating Decoction五皮饮Five-Peel Decoction四物汤Four Ingredient Decoction哮wheezing哮喘asthma清肝泻火clearing the liver and draining fire恶心nausea痢疾dysentery湿热dampness-heat汤剂decoction散剂powder丸剂pill膏剂paste丹剂pellet煎剂decoction酒剂wine preparation停剂tincture

病案翻译

滑苔--glossy coating 水煎服---decocted with water

服药法---administer

面色萎黄--sallow complexion 面色通红--redden complexion

面色潮红--flushed complexion 面色红润-- rosy complexioncom

面色发紫--Purle/cynotic/bluish complexion

thin /thready and weak/feeble pulse--脉象细弱

小便清长--clear profuse urine

滑脉--slippery pulse 涩脉-- unsmooth pulse 实脉--sthenic pulse

虚脉--asthenic pulse 沉脉--deep pulse 浮脉--floating pulse

洪脉--full pulse 缓脉--sluggish pulse 弦脉--stringy pulse

促脉--running pulse 数脉--rapid pulse

①消渴症:多饮、多尿、多食及消瘦、疲乏、尿甜为主要特征的综合症状。(糖尿病)

Diabetes disease: drink more, polyuria, polyphagia and weight, fatigue, urine sweet as the main characteristics of the syndrome。

基本病机为阴津亏耗,燥热偏盛。

The basic pathogenesis is consumption of the yin fluid of the body,and dryness-heat is ralative predominance.

症状:烦渴多饮,口干舌燥,尿频量多。舌质红少津,苔薄黄,脉洪数。

Symptoms:Polydipsia drink more, dry mouth, frequent urination quantity.Red tongue less body fluid,thin yellow coating on the tongue,full and rapid pulse

治法:清热润肺,生津止渴.滋阴益肾

Therapy:clearing away heat and moistening lung, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst . Nourishing yin and tonifying the kidney.

呕吐-- vomiting 头晕---dizziness 视物模糊--blurred vision 恶心--nausea

水肿--edama 中风昏迷--stroke coma 胸痹--Thoracic Obstruction

②高血压

阴虚阳亢---yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity

平肝潜阳---calming liver and suppressing liver-yang

滋阴补肾---nourishing the Kidney-Yin 肝阳上亢---Liver-yang hyperactivity

平肝熄风---calming liver-wind 便秘---Constipation

四肢麻木---Limb Numbness 苔白腻---White greasy tongue coating

便干---dry stool

③肺炎

痰湿--phlegm-dampness 风热犯肺---wind-heat invading lung

雍---stagnation 宣肺化痰---ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm

疏风解表---expelling wind to resolve the exterior

清热解毒---Heat-clearing and Detoxifying

益气养阴---supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin

止咳平喘---Relieving Cough and Asthma 稠厚---thick

二.句子翻译

1. The science of prescription aims to study the compatibility, formulating rule, and clinical application of different herbs in a prescription as well as the pharmacology of compound prescription.方剂学是研究药物的配伍关系、组成规律、临床应用和复方药理的一门科学。

2. Modification of herbs refers to the changes of prescription effect by adding or deducting/subtracting one or several herbs, or by changing the compatibility of different herbs in a prescription.药物的加减变化就是通过药物的增减,改变其配伍关系,使之成为另一方剂。

3. The function and indication of a prescription vary with the modification of herbs in the prescription.方剂组成发生变化后,其功用和主治也发生变化。

4. The compatibility/combination of Mahuang and Shigao aims to clear away and disperse stagnated heat.麻黄与石膏配伍,重在清散郁热。

5. Under the circumstances of unchanged main syndrome, one or several herbs could be added or deducted

according to the changes of symptoms.在主证不变的情况下,可随着症状的变化加入或减少某些药物以适应当前的病情。

6. Though there are certain rules for the formulation of prescriptions, the application of the prescriptions is very flexible.方剂的组成有一定的原则,而方剂的运用却极为灵活。

7. The advantage of decoction is that the effective elements can be easily absorbed after being taken.汤剂的优点是煎出的有效成分在服用后易于吸收。

8. Herbs with the function of promoting sweating to relieve the exterior syndrome are not suitable for long-term decoction because the main substances of these herbs are volatile oil.凡发汗解表的药物不宜久煎,因为这些药物的主要成分为挥发油。

9. For some fresh herbs, they are usually taken by extracting juice.有些新鲜药物可采用捣汁服的方法。

10. Pills are commonly used in chronic diseases because they are slow in absorption.丸剂因其吸收较慢故多用于慢性病。

11. The powders for external application, made by grinding medicinal herbs into minute substances, are often spread or pasted on the affected areas of the body for topical treatment.外用散剂是将药物研成细末,撒布或调敷患处,作为局部治疗用。

12. Medicated wine can generally activate blood to dredge collaterals and expel wind to stop pain, so it is often used to treat rheumatalgia or pains due to sprain, etc.药酒一般能活血通络、祛风止痛,大多用于风湿痛、扭伤疼痛等。

13. Exterior syndrome relieving prescription, mainly composed of pungent herbs with the function of dispersing exterior pathogenic factors, is used to treat exterior syndromes.凡是以辛散发表的药物为主组成,用以治疗表证的方剂称为解表剂。

14. Mahuang Decoction is very effective in diaphoresis/promoting sweating, so it is used only to treat exterior-excess syndrome due to wind-cold.麻黄汤发汗力较强,只适用于风寒表实证。

15. Guizhi Decoction is effective in expelling exogenous pathogenic factors from the skin and muscles and harmonizing nutritive and defensive aspect.桂枝汤的功用是解肌发表,调和营卫。

16. Wind-expelling prescription is mainly composed of herbs with the function of expelling wind-cold or herbs with the function of eliminating wind-dampness.祛风剂由祛风散寒药物或祛除风湿的药物为主组成。

17. The herbs used in wind-expelling prescriptions are mostly bitter in flavor, warm and dry in property, and yang-lifting in function.祛风方中所用药物多性温、苦、燥、升阳。

18. Dampness-expelling prescription, mainly composed of herbs with the function of expelling pathogenic dampness, is used to treat rheumatism/rheumatoid diseases. 祛湿剂主要由祛除湿邪的药物组成,用以治疗风湿病。

19. Heat-clearing prescription, mainly composed of cool or cold natured herbs, is used to treat heat syndrome and fire syndrome. 以凉性、寒性药物为主组成,用以治疗热证、火证的方剂称为清热剂。

20. Purgative prescription, mainly composed of herbs with the function of purgation, is used to purge interior-excess syndrome.以泻下的药物为主组成,用以攻逐里实的方剂为泻下剂。

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