一、 商业

1、 雇主与员工Can employer obtain employees’ private information without

permission/should employee put the need of company in the first place/employers can

benefit more from old workers’ experience or new workers’ new ideas and

energy/employees should keep their personal activities away from wormkplace

2、 合作Is the Importance of teamwork overemphasized?/team with a strong team member

VS. a good team

3、 领导者Leader is someone who can perform the same task that he or she expects other to

perform /A powerful business leader has more opportunity to influence a community or a

nation than some government forces

4、 companies should resist changing their products and processes in response to each new

recommendation until those recommendations become government regulations 5、 变革Is change a harm to a company

二、 教育

1、 科技与人文schools should teach more science and tech than arts and humanities?/The

primary goal of school is to teach the academic skills not to teach the ethical and social

value.

2、 竞争A nation should maintain a highly competitive educational system to ensure its own

economic success

3、 Physical activity and sports VS. students’ education academics 4、 Should good teachers encourage students to challenge popular ideas rather than to accept

such ideas?

三、 科技

1、 Technology separate people rather than bring them together

Key words: isolate, alienate(使疏远)

Separate: computer nerd, spend most of the day and night at home sitting eye-glazed before the

computer screen, order food and buy almost everything online, immerse oneself in surfing the internet or in playing computer games, instead of hanging out with friends, lose their contact with outside world Bring together: easier to keep in touch with old friends via e-mail or sending text message, compare times before telephone or computer was invented with today, it took months to deliver a letter from one country to another, now it takes second to make a phone call or leave a message on facebook Technology allows people to make new friends with diverse backgrounds

2、 电脑People complain about over reliance on computers, but computers do improve

people’s lives.

Key words: advancement in technology, progress, diminish, benefits, compromise, casualty (受害人), a mixed blessing, improve

Improvement: with the powerful search engines people can almost look for any problems online using computers and can get the solutions within minutes; productivity in different industries are enhanced to an all-time high: in manufactories, works that once completed manually are replaced by automated procedures that are designed and controlled by computers; in firms, piles of paper files are now

replaced by electronic files created and saved in the computers, allowing people to easily review and modify even after a long period of time; people now have more diversions to choose from in leisure time, surfing internet, playing computer games, chatting with old friends online, watching movies… Diminish: spawn their own special illness such as sever eyestrain, back and neck problems; overreliance on computers lessen the time people spend with family, friends or the nature

四、 个人

1、 成功professional success and fulfilling personal life trade-off

2、 职业选择Is financial benefit the most important factor when choosing a career?

3、 寿命Extending the average human life span would be a mistake because it would place

enormous burden on resources

4、 公共服务Public service is the responsibility of every citizen

5、 适应变化As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will

lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business

五、 地球村

1、 全球化背景下个体的角色citizen of the world or citizen of a particular country

2、 跨国公司Globalization is a result of MNEs since they provide the same products and services to people around the world

六、 文化

1、 媒体监管censorship of broadcast media and movies by government

Key words: censor/obscenity(淫秽)/ violence/ immoral/ antisocial(反社会的)/ right of free

expression(言论自由)/confict/harm/democracy/offensive

2、 电影中的暴力violence in the movies and television programs

Key words: mimic(模仿)/media violence

3、 网络监管regulations to limit children’s access to adult materials on the internet

4、

七、 政府

1、 商业监管who is responsible for business regulation? Government or organizations

themselves?

2、 信息透明度Should government be given the absolute right to keep information secret

they want? Key words: information transparency/corruption/national security/

八、 道德

1、 职业道德The most effective business leaders maintain high ethical standards

Key words: uphold high ethical standards, dishonesty, corruption, reputation, wrongdoing, unethical, illegal acts, short-term, in the long run, for a while (暂时)

For a while/in the short-term, unethical behavior might seem effective in generating profits. For example, bribing government officials in exchange of the success in a bid or evading taxes in order to maximize profit margin or trading stocks by insider information... But in the long run, dishonesty and corruption in leadership will ruin the company’s reputation, lower employee morale, and even bring the company into bankruptcy. Case:Enron,

九、 法律 1、法律的不公正性People should disobey laws that they consider unjust

十、 环境与能源

1、国际合作international leadership and worldwide cooperation

Key words: individual nation/self-interest/short-term motive/short-

sightedness/overcomsumption/industrialized nation/finite/rationalize(使合理化)/energy

conservation/make sacrifice/transcend national border(超出国界)/preservation/natural

resources/externality/free-ride

2、化石燃料的依赖international agreement on reducing dependence on fossil fuels

Key words: limited/vital(极其重要的)/vail(下降)/

3、保护自然环境的责任Responsibility for preserving the natural environment belongs to individual or government?

十一、 社会

1、 生活质量overall quality of life is better at present time due to advancement in business

and technology

2、 治安Are surveillance cameras needed on the street to identify and arrest people who

break the laws

Key words: law enforcement/police officials

3、衡量标准A society should be measured by its scientific and artistic achievements rather than by its business success

开头

I believe there’s some truth to the speaker’s/author’s claim that (我要反驳的观点).However, there is at least as much evidence that (我要支持的观点)

The stated opinion is that (题干支持的观点). I disagree somewhat with the speaker’s viewpoint. For (我要支持的观点和原因)

The assertion at issue is that (争论的问题). I strongly agree with this statement.

中间段

举例

Consider the case of XX

第二篇：GRE_issue例子总结

我在准备issue过程中用到的查到的一些词及词组，我发现在引用例子的时候很多时候是知道用中文怎么说却常常被一个词的英文说法而难住了，所以我就一个个都查了出来，可能不能满足大家所有的要求，也希望对大家有点帮助吧，祝大家杀G成功：

１）The flight of Apollo 11; lunar landing mission ，阿波罗１１号的登月计划

另外，Apollo 13号的登月很惊险，大家可能都知道吧？看过电影“阿波罗１３”的人都知道这段历史吧？不知道的兄弟姐妹上百度搜一下就知道啦！，还有，“挑战者号” Challenger；哥伦比亚号 Columbia

２）杨氏双缝实验（大学物理讲过的，呵呵）：Young’ double-slit experiment，严格来说，这个实验是用classical theory cannot explain，这里面涉及到 quantum theory，即量子理论，我不是学物理的，但是据我查的资料上说，其实人类对量子理论并没有完全地明白，也没法用它解释一切，这个观点我觉得可能用来说明人类的认识过程是由不知到知的认识过程，要用发展的眼光来看问题。

３）火星登月计划：Mars Exploration Rover Mission which costs $425 million every year for the assembly, test and launch process which is just the same amount as it costs to the film Titanic and Pearl Harbor，哇，够狠，老美有钱！另外，moon rover是月球车的意思，同理Mars rover． ４）Manhattan Project，曼哈顿计划，就是当年Einstein 和 Oppenheimer（奥本海默，这小子狠，被称为原子弹之父，一定要记住，这小子在听说美国在对 Hiroshima，即日本广岛投原子弹之后，曾感叹自己当初不应该研制原子弹which给人类带来了灾难，科技与人性的题目能用到）

５）多利Dolly，不用说了，我想顺着这只名羊提一提关于基因工程( genetic engineering)，转基因技术：transgenics，人体胚胎：human embryo，ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构：the double-helix structure of DNA,还有两个牛人，就是发现ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构的沃森和克里克,Waston and Crick

６）二战纳粹德国在活人上做实验，用大量的犹太妇女人活体实验为的是研制避孕药（oral contraceptive）

７）关于丑闻：Bill Clinton’s sexual scandal with Monica Lewinsky；Nixon’s Watergate scandal；兴奋剂：stimulant；猥亵（针对那个把自己黑皮染白的那个小子的）：v. molest; n. molestation； Kobe Bryant Rape case;

８）垃圾邮件：不要再说junk mail啦，老土！有个更native的词：spam，记住哟！ ９）环境问题：

氟利昂：freon，臭氧层：ozonosphere/ ozone layer，臭氧空洞：ozone hole；赤潮：red tide １０）关于美国总统：

刺杀总统；岂今为止，美国一共有四位总统被刺杀，第一位是Abraham Lincoln,最后一位是John F. Kennedy，还有许多刺杀未遂的，比如刺杀Roosevelt，Truman等等，这可以被用来例子表明领导者不可能让每一个人都满意．

另外，罗斯福是个残疾人，大家知道吧？脊髓灰质炎导致坐在轮椅上，不过他并不是小时候得的病，挺奇怪，小儿麻痹并不是像我们想象的那样只能小时候得谈到杜鲁门，我得多说一句，当年美国的曼哈顿计划是罗斯福批的，知道美国要研究原子弹的人并不多，甚至许多后来参加研制的科学家都不知道自己在从事什么研究工作，保密工作做的相当严密，以致后来罗斯福下台，杜鲁门上台的时候都不知道美国已经研制出了原子弹．

１１）北美最大范围的停电：blackout (or power failure )in eastern US and Canada，人类对科技依赖的例证．

１２）巨牛的深蓝电脑，就是下棋的那个 Deep Blue，是IBM的电脑，有２５６个processor，

另外IBM还有个别称 Big Blue

１３）直线加速器 linear accelerator，回旋加速器 cyclotron accelerator

１４）永动机 perpetual motion machine

１５）名人

Albeit Einstein：photo electronic effect (光电效应) ；question classical mechanics, quantum theory,不要墨守成规 stick to conventions, 头脑要灵活，不能太固执 adamant/ obstinate/ stubborn/ headstrong，质能方程：mass-energy equation

Galileo: did experiment on Leaning Tower of Pisa to discover law of uniform acceleration of falling bodies; discovered that moon shines with reflected light; denounced for advocating Copernican system ;was later tried by Inquisition(宗教法庭) and forced to recant（改变信仰）; 哥白尼Copernicus，日心说：sun-centered system地心说：earth-centered system， 布鲁诺Bruno，火刑be burned at stake

Isaac Newton ：经典力学classical mechanics, 万有引力universal gravitation，be inspired by the falling apple; stand on the shoulders of giants

Hegel 黑格尔: 1770－1831 German philosopher; his dialectic process for reconciling opposites influenced Existentialists, Marx, etc.

Karl Marx 的辩证唯物主义来自于黑格尔的辩证法dialectic 和费尔巴哈Feuerbach的唯物论

Vincent van Gogh：梵高，作品 sunflower

Monet 莫奈 作品 sunrise His work influenced the development of the big bang（宇宙大爆炸理论） and black hole（黑洞） theory

（struggle against segregation in South Africa） the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight againstSouth Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.

the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition. Individual, Companies, Leadership and Internal control

notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outraged at the company's discrimination and refused to use any of Toshiba's notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumer's confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.

reforms and projects known as the New Deal. Under his sagacious leadership, America successfully walked out the shadow of Recession and conquered the notorious fascism in the Second World War. And according to a poll conducted at Harvard in 1950, Roosevelt is highly renowned as one of the greatest president of American, ranking only after Washington and Lincoln.

shaped the character of the office of president; universally regarded as father of his country. Abraham Lincoln: 16th president of the U.S. (1861-65); successfully preserved the Union during the American Civil War; issued Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in rebelling states; made famous address dedicating cemetery at Gettysburg; assassinated five days after end of Civil War.

: chief author of Declaration of Independence (1776); 3d president of the U.S. (1801*09); purchased Louisiana from France, sent Lewis and Clark to explore it; prohibited importation of slaves; instrumental in founding U. of Virginia. From him we can see the importance initially laid upon education. He required his progenies to carve such epitaph on his tombstone as ‘chief author of Declaration of Independence; author of the Freedom Law of Religion in Virginia; Father of the Virginia Uni.’ Without mentioning of his presidency. It reflected vividly what a status of education in Jefferson’s heart and this status was inherited by his successors. It is why American’s being super power of the world today.

December 17, 1903, two brothers named Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first airplane flight 哥俩的飞机就在天上呆了１２秒. : probed the mysteries of radioactivity and X rays. In 1903, she and her husband won the Nobel Prize in physics, one of the most important awards in science. In 1911, Marie Curie won a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry. She is one of very few people in history to win two Nobel prizes. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!” and New Zealand

Osama bin Laden

Confucius孔子，Mencius 孟子

１６）偷窥：peep，窃听: wiretap

１７）颁布法律：enact a law

１８）弱肉强食：the law of jungle

１９）路易十六 Louis XVI，就是被最终砍头（be guillotined）的那个法国国王