1、hello everyone！

Today I will introduce you a paper, which is called “Effects of corporate governance on capital structure: empirical evidence from Pakistan “

2、I will use the following four parts to introduce

3、I got this paper from the Emerald reprints The world’s leading publisher of management research and the type of the paper is Research paper

纳迪姆阿麦的sheke

4、then we can have a simple knowledge of the two authors:Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh and 王宗军 one is a Doctoral Degree Candidate in the School of Management, Hua zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan .the other is a Professor in this college

5. About the paper’s outline

Firstly the aim of this empirical study is to investigate whether corporate governance attributes affect capital structure choices of Pakistani firms

Then the Design of the paper is Multiple regression analysis

6、in order to have a good knowledge of the paper We can from the following three aspects to

7、Background of corporate governance in Pakistan firms. In one word, it’s weak compared to other developed countries.

The attributes of the corporate governance are Background also includes ：Measures of corporate governance and their relation to capital structure

8、Research design

Firstly 1.Research methodology：it includes three aspects: Data Variables and Methodology Date: This study investigates the significant corporate governance attributes that may affect the capital structure of non-financial firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange Pakistan during 20xx-20xx. and the final sample set consists of 775 observations for 155 firms over a period of five years.

This study employed panel data methodology(面板数据方式) because sample contained data across firms and over time

9、this table is the Definition of variables. It includes three parts:

10. Dependent variables consist of total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio. This is a basic formula.

11、secondly：2. Empirical results

from this table we can see the average total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio for the sample of firms is 59.62 percent and 22.23 percent。And Pakistani firms tend to use more debt in their capital structure compared to other countries.

12、this table is the Yearly mean value of shareholding pattern

13、Here are some of regression analysis tables, Through the multiple regression analysis the paper gives the Conclusions

14、The results is as follows:

capital structure is Positively related to board size、outside directors and ownership concentration. That is to say: a large board serve as a means to obtain support from external environment;

boards with more independent directors can take on more debt on favorable terms due to effective monitoring ;

Block holders have more ability than dispersed shareholders to force management to take those actions that maximize the shareholder wealth.

15、on the other hand, Capital structure is negative related to managerial ownership、director remuneration 、Profitability and liquidity.

16、in the end, I have a summary:

The results of the paper indicate that corporate governance attributes, in part, explicate the financing behavior of Pakistani firms

And, the empirical results of this study provide support to corporate managers in establishing an optimal capital structure, and to regulatory authorities for enacting laws and developing institutional support to make corporate governance mechanisms work more effectively in the country.

17、That's all, thank you for listen to me, if you are interested in this paper you can have a study after class

Thank you !

第二篇：英语课代表演讲稿

敬爱的老师、亲爱的同学们：

大家好！很是初一（4）班的xx,我想竞选的是英语课代表。

很荣幸能站在这里参加班干部的竞选，在此我对大家的支持表示由衷的感谢。 小时候，父亲曾对我说过：做事要脚踏实地，一步一个脚印的去做。”不止一次，站上讲台参加竞选，我深感机会的来之不易，需要好好珍惜。正是由于这种动力，当我站在这里的时候，倍感自信。 当然仅仅有自信是不够的，还要有一定的能力。然而农村的教育水平终究不如城里，我比起班里的一些同学还是有差距的。从不会到会，从不好到好的过程，就是凭借着自信和虚心的态度来认真完成每一件工作的。但“人非圣贤，孰能无过”，我也犯过错，但我敢于面对自己的错误，从同学与老师的 帮助中虚心的接受批评，并改正错误，而且决不容许自己第二次在同一地方跌倒。 今天我之所以在这里参加竞选，是为了锻炼自己的能力，提高自己的英语水平，同时也会让全班的成绩一同提高。当然，我如果没有当选，我也不会懈气，我会更加努力的。 最后，我真诚希望大家相信我，支持我，给我这次展示能力的机会。我将在这一片属于我们的天空中挥洒春的汗水，为班级的明天绘出一幅美好的蓝图。

谢谢!