一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词

1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里

2). on 表示"在……上"。例如： on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上

3). under表示"在……下"。例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下

2. 冠词 a / an / the:

4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如： behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后

5). near表示"在……附近"。例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近

6). at表示"在……处"。例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口

7). of 表示"……的"。例如：

a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画

a map of China 一张中国地图

冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple.

a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。

This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。

the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？

------ What can you see in the classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk.

------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？

------ 我能看见一个书包。 ------ 书包在哪呀？ ------ 在桌子上。

3.some和any

①在肯定句中用some.例如：

There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。

②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：

Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？ Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？ There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。

⑵记住它们的特殊用法。

①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：

Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？

②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如： Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。

some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。 4.family

family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。

Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。

It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。

5. little的用法

a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。

There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。

⑵ 词组

on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近

a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下，就坐 this way 这边走

二.日常用语

1. Come and meet my family.

2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.

3. Glad to meet you.

4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books.

5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong.

7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。

see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：

8. Please have a seat.

seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。

三. 语法

1. 名词所有格

名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：

（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友

（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏

（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节

（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸

动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门

2. 祈使句

祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。

（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。

（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。

3. There be 的句子结构

There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，

肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。

be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如： There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't. ---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？ ---Yes, there is. 有。

---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？ ---No, there aren't. 没有。

（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .

There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ ---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？

How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？

第二篇：人教版初一英语知识点总结

人教版初一英语知识点总结

初一（上）

【知识梳理】

I. 重点短语

1. Sit down 2. on duty 3.in English 4. have a seat 5. at home

6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work

11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型

1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about…?

3. Let’s do sth. 4. It’s time to do sth.

5. It’s time for … 6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…

7. Where is…? It’s…. 8. How old are you? I’m….

9. What class are you in? I’m in…. 10. Welcome to….

11. What’s …plus…? It’s…. 12. I think…

13. Who’s this? This is…. 14. What can you see？ I can see….

15. There is (are) …. 16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…

17. Whose …is this? It’s…. 18. What time is it? It’s….

III. 交际用语

1. Good morning, Miss/Mr…. 2. Hello! Hi!

3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. Let’s do.12. Let me see.

5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You’re welcome.

7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What’s your name? My name is ….

9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who’s on duty today?

11. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?

IV. 重要语法

1. 动词be的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；

3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；

5. There be句型的用法。

初一年级（下）

13. get to 【知识梳理】

14. get up I. 重点短语

1. a bottle of 15. go shopping

2. a little 16. have a drink of

3. a lot (of) 17. have a look

4. all day 18. have breakfast

5. be from 19. have lunch

6. be over 20. have supper

7. come back 21. listen to

8. come from 22. not…at all

9. do one’s homework 23. put…away

10. do the shopping 24. take off

11. get down 25. throw it like that

12. get home 26. would like

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27. in the middle of the day

28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening

29. on a farm

30. in a factory

II. 重要句型

1. Let sb. do sth.

2. Could sb. do sth.?

3. would like sth.

4. would like to do sth.

5. What about something to eat?

6. How do you spell …?

7. May I borrow…?

III. 交际用语

1. —Thanks very much!—You're welcome.

2. Put it/them away.3. What's wrong?

4. I think so. I don't think so.

5. I want to take some books to the classroom.

6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.

9. What's your favourite sport?

10. Don't worry.

11.I’m (not) good at basketball.

12. Do you want a go?

13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.

14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

15. We / They have some CDs.

We / They don’t have any CDs.

16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow? ---It’s Monday.

17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please? ---Certainly. Here you are.

18. ---Where are you from?

---From Beijing.

19. What's your telephone number in New York?

20. ---Do you like hot dogs?

---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.) ---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)

21. ---What does your mother like?

---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.

22. ---When do you go to school every day? 2 ---I go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening? ---He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法 1.人称代词的用法； 2. 祈使句； 3. 现在进行时的构成和用法； 4．动词have的用法； 5．一般现在时构成和用法； 6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法

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