In terms whether the zebra mussel will exert negative influence on North American, the passage and lecture are contradictory to each other. The author believes that zebra mussel might do harm the local species as they arrived while the lecturer holds a different opinion.

First of all, the author makes a point that the history events suggest the zebra mussel's invasion is unstoppable. In the past, human transportation makes it possible for zebra mussel spread around the whole Europe and it is likely to happen again in North American. However, the lecturer demonstrates a different idea that a change made in the "ballast water" will prevent the invasion of zebra mussel from continuing. He says that if we refill the "ballast water" with ocean water, the mussel will no longer survive because the saline water might probably kill them all.

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综合写作 tpo29 范文

In the reading, it mainly talks about that the edmontosautus in order to survive would migrate south to more suitable place. Nonetheless, in the lecture, the professor thinks the arguments provided in the reading are not convincing.

First of all, the reading mentions that the edmontosaur’s diet support the migrating idea because in the winter, the cold weather prevent plnats from surviving in the north. Nevertheless, the professor concludes that there is no relation between the magration and food supply by giving the fact that long ago the weather in summer was warmer than today’s and even if at the approach of the winter, there did existed enough nurients to feed animals like edmontosauts.

Additonally, the reading states that the many edmontosaur skeletons have been unreathed in the same site which means that the edmontosaur were in herd and there are some similarities bewteen the edmonsaurs and modern migrating animals that find food by migrating. On the contrary, the professor claims that though the enmonsaurs can live in herd, the propose of living in herd is not migrating but aginasting the predators.

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In the reading, it mainly talks about that Rorbot E Peary has been to north pole because it has three striking evidneces. However, in the lecture, the professor thinks that the points provided in the reading are not convencing.

First of all, the reading points out that at the end of the investigation, the committee has concluded that Rorbot E Peary has been to the north pole. Nevertheless, the professor believes that the committee was not objective at all. Firstly, it was writed by his friends. What’s more, the investigation only msintained for two days and they can get precise conclusion in such a short time. So the committee is biased.

In addition, the reading states that the English explorer Tom Avery has proved the truth that the Rorbot E Peary could reach the north pole within 37 days. On the contrary, the professor argues against that there are many distinguishment between the Rorbot and Tom, because at that time, Rorbot had no food and met the most server weather, which will make them late to reach the north pole.

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【TPO小站内部资料】托福作文结构优化

托福作文结构强调总分总。全文的总分总结构一般没有异议都可以做到。但

要强调的是中间说理段落里面也应该是明确的总分总结构：首先把这段的分论点（本段中心句）放在段首，然后2~4句说理解释，阐述为什么会有这一观点，我们身边的现状是如何需要这一点，接着例子和细节支持（4~6句话）， 最后总结句，即这段开头的分论点句的变换句式表达，把这段的观点再重申一遍。全文的结尾段也是一样，前几段的中心句整合重提，而且可以加几句话的升华，针对这个问题提出一个全局性的建议。

然后要强调为什么要把分论点句放在段首。容都要十分清晰，观点出现在显眼的地方，易懂，点。这里也涉及到西方人惯常的思维方法和语言模式，孩会绕来绕去，么也没干，书也看不进去，饭也吃不下。”，然后绕了一圈之后才说到“分手”这个词上。"I hate you", OK, topic sentence, 然后说为什么hate youTopic sentence + supporting reasons and examples + conclusion所以即是强调内容简单化，好理解 Conclusion也同样重要，

不是只有first， secondin the first place，to begin with，again，also，等的替换表达。 有些学生觉得文章结构化很死板，散文式的结构其实对语言和逻辑的要求更强，对于非英语母语学习者，尤其是短期

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TPO小站托福备考系列：作文结构那些事儿

别人常说托福作文是结构+言辞的双项考核，结构是骨架，言辞是血肉。言辞的改善和进步非一朝一夕所能完成，但起码可以在短短的托福备考期间内优化骨架结构，这也为之后的言辞铺设打下良好基础。

本次就由TPO小站托福写作名师——Pacific老师来讲解一下如何优化作文结构。

托福作文结构强调总分总。全文的总分总结构一般没有异议都可以做到。但要强调的是中间说理段落里面也应该是明确的总分总结构：首先把这段的分论点（本段中心句）放在段首，然后2~4句说理解释，阐述为什么会有这一观点，我们身边的现状是如何需要这一点，接着例子和细节支持（4~6句话）， 最后总结句，即这段开头的分论点句的变换句式表达，把这段的观点再重申一遍。全文的结尾段也是一样，前几段的中心句整合重提，而且可以加几句话的升华，针对这个问题提出一个全局性的建议。

然后要强调为什么要把分论点句放在段首。在英语作文里面要注重结构和内容都要十分清晰，观点出现在显眼的地方，易懂，不需要去段落当中找你的分论点。这里也涉及到西方人惯常的思维方法和语言模式，譬如一封分手信，中国女孩会绕来绕去，“不知道你这几天过的好不好？（你为啥不联系我）我这两天什么也没干，书也看不进去，饭也吃不下。（你不联系我，我做什么都没劲）”，然后绕了一圈之后才说到“分手”这个词上。而美国女孩可能上来就是"I hate you"！OK, topic sentence, 然后说为什么hate you，是这样一个金字塔结构：Topic sentence + supporting reasons and examples + conclusion。所以即是强调内容简单化、易理解。

另外强调写完例子之后收尾。Conclusion也同样重要，否则容易显得段落不完整，以及到下一段的衔接太突兀。

此外，结构清晰除了内容展开的逻辑很重要之外，关联词的使用也很重要。不是只有first， second这些太简单的词，尽量换点词，比如说in the first place，to begin with，again，also，furthermore，what's more, in addition等的替换表达。

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Integrated Writing Reading

A huge marine mammal known as Steller’s sea cow once lived in the waters around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. It was described in 1741 by Georg W. Steller, a naturalist who was among the first Europeans to see one. In 1768 the animal became extinct. The reasons for the

extinction are not clear. Here are three theories about the main cause of the extinction.

would have originally been quite large, but hundreds of years off too much hunting by the native people diminished the number of sea cows. Sea cows were a good source of food in a harsh environment, so overhunting by native people could have been the main cause of extinction.

Kelp populations respond negatively to a number of ecological changes. It is possible that ecological changes near Bering Island some time before 1768 caused a decrease of the kelp that the sea cows depend on.

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TPO1-30 独立写作题目

1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

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