1. Problems in the New Century (举例法说明文)

Write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new century.

In the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live more advanced life. What used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near future. However, man will also have to confront with some problems that will curtail(剥夺)human beings of their existence.

First of all, pollution of all forms such as land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People complain all over the world that it is becoming harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible that in some countries we can’t find clean and clear rivers and white clouds in the sky! When the children draw a picture of their surroundings, they paint the green trees in gray, the red sun in gray, everything in gray, and they can’t find a pure environment except in the books.

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第一段第一句（排比开头）

It 's the earth that gives us a place to live in ;it 's the earth that offers us beautiful sunshine ;it 's the earth that brings us fresh air .

Earth is the place to give us a place to live in; to offer us beautiful sunshine; to bring us fresh air.

Without good environment, we can't live a happy life; we can't enjoy the beautiful sunshine; we can't breathe fresh air.

If we are birds, earth is the sky; if we are fishes, earth is the sea; if we are horses, earth is the grassland.

第一段第二、三、四句

So protecting our earth\ environment is very important. But as middle school students, how can we protect our earth\ environment? Here are my ideas.

第二段

First, we should save water. The water that is suitable to drink in the world is becoming less and less. If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be our tear. Second, we should plant more trees. Planting more trees brings us not only more fresh air but also more shadow. It’s our duty to plant more trees. Third, we should pick up garbage. Garbage has polluted our earth too much seriously. We should pick up the garbage so that we can. The more garbage we pick up, the more beautiful our earth will be.

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英语说明文的写作方法

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， 必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出

举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法

在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。 however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

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第二章 说明文

第1节 人物介绍

精彩示例

My Best Friend

My best friend is Li Hua. He is 13 years old and he is a student of Guangming middle school. He is very tall and strong. He works hard at school and would like to help others. When I came to this school in the beginning, I was bad at math and English. I failed in a test and was worried about my study. At this time, Li Hua gave me a hand and helped to improve my math and English. Thanks to his help, my math and English improved a lot and I got good results in the following exams. Gradually we became very good friends. In my opinion, Li Hua is not only an excellent student but also a helpful and kind person. Everyone would like to be his friend.

牛刀小试

A

Mrs Brown

Mrs Brown is an excellent teacher. She is a good-looking woman, with gentle manners and a kind smile. Mrs Brown likes her work very much. She works hard and tries her best to make every class perfect. Listening to her talk is an artistic

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讲一讲］

用英语写说明文，一要时态正确，二要条理清晰，内容连贯，三要语言朴素，明了。

1. 说明文主要采用一般现在时，因为说明文多为对客观事物或事件的描述，所以并不需要用过于复杂的时态，省去了时态呼应，行文时比较随意、自然。但要注意，当单、复数名词做主语时，主谓语的一致要格外留意。要牢记变动词第三人称需加“ -es ”的规律。

2. 要写好说明文，关键在于是否能做到行文自然有条理，措词确切且得体。文章看似随意，实是精心安排的结果，如老教材高二（上） Unit 3 中的 Body Language 一文，抓住“ different ”这一主线，由总而分后又由分而总，用鲜明的对比来说明 Body language has different meanings in different countries. 虽然数例并举，但文章脉胳清晰，例子多而不散，你不妨模仿这种写法。

另外要写出有条理的说明文来，还要注意行文的连贯性，这要求我们平常积累大量的过渡词。如连接词 although， but， when， as soon as， so ，承上启下的副词 generally， at the same time， finally， at last， later 等。这些都是课本中的实例。用对，用好过渡词，就能把各个段落有机联系在一起，使整篇文章过渡自然，有条理，档次也提高了。

3. 要写好说明文，还要学会使用一些常用词组和固定短语。如上面说过的 Body

language 一文，作者使用了简短直接的句子进行说明，让读者很轻快就明白了所介绍的内容。该文还大量运用了动名词短语作主语，把复杂的内容用工整的句式统一起来，同时加入不定式、现在分词等非谓语形式，丰富了表达。这些句式，美化了语句，也使文章显得紧凑，简约。所以，在今后的书面表达中，我们应多尝试使用。

范例：

题目要求：写一篇 100 ～ 120 字的短文。说明步行有益健康。（内容自选） 范文：

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英语说明文结构特点与阅读策略

1、 说明文的特点

说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等等。

2、说明顺序：时间顺序，空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序

3、说明方法：例如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。

举例说明文使用例子说明事物阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异，分类展开法则强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似，对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物发生的原因及结果。除了用文字说明以外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。

无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。

因此，阅读说明文的关键是：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。

以“Goals”为题打开一篇说明文的思路。 参考思路

1）目标的分类：（可根据时间顺序，空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序，任选一个进行分类和排列）

2）各个类别的特点和细节：

3）组织成文：

范文点评

Goals

Everyone has goals. Many people do not reach their goals for lack of planning. These three sets of goals should be developed: lifetime, intermediate and short term.

Lifetime goals should be written out. These goals should be clear and reasonable. F

or instance, the goal to win a research prize is clear and measurable. Other lifetime goals might include publishing a certain number of influential books or articles, earning a departmental chairmanship at a major university, successfully competing for a grant from the National Science Foundation or securing a consultantship with a big corporation. Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years. For the beginning doctoral student, intermediate goals may include completion of course work and preparation of a doctoral research proposal. Like lifetime goals, these are measurable and clearly stated.

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高中英语作文范文：简要地报道中国开发西部--说明文

假如你是某报社记者，请根据下表提供的信息写一篇英文稿，简要地报道中国开发西部的有关情况。

要情况 范围：9个省，自治区(autonomous regions)，一个直辖市

(municipality)

面积：540万平方公里

人口：2.85亿

实施要交通(transportation)建设：修建多余公路，铁路

点 环境保护：退耕还林，防治污染

资源利用：开发利用其丰富的天然资源

人才引进：广纳各类专家，技术人员

思路指津

注意：1、短文须包括所有提示要点；适当增加细节，使内容连贯。

2、短文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

3、词数：100左右。

范文：

New Development for Central and Western China

The Chinese government has recently decided to develop central and western China.

This part of China includes 9 provinces and autonomous regions and one municipality, covering an area of 5.4 million square kilometers with a population of 285 million.

The government will pay special attention to their transportation system. Some highways and railways will be built. To protect nature, farmers will return farmland to forest. Also, measures should be taken to prevent pollution. Western China is rich in natural resources, which can be exploited and made full use of. To meet the needs of the development, all kinds of experts and skilled workers are to be brought in.

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