定语从句

学习目标：掌握并熟练运用定语从句

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/that/as 和关系副where/when/why/as。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担当句子成分。

关系代词：that：指代人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

which：指代物或句子，在从句中作主语或宾语

who：指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语

whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语

whose：指代人或物，在从句中只能作定语,后加名词。

as：指代句子，用于非限制性定语从句，偶尔指代人或物（主要与the same或such

连用），as在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；

关系副词： when 指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因，它们只能在从句中作状语。

why=for which

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

1) This is the man___________________ helped me.

2) The doctor __________________________ you are looking for is in the next room.

3) Do you know the man ____________ name is Jack?

4) This is the scientist ______________ inventions are well-known.

5) The building ___________________stands near the garden is our school.

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定语从句

? 引导定语从句的词

关系代词：that which who whom whose as

关系副词：where when why

? 1）功能：引导一个定语从句，把它和主句连接起来，形成主从关系；

替代前面的先行词，有当其在从句中作宾语是可以省略；

A.where B.when C.that D.what

2.(06福建)Look out!Don’t get too close to the house___roof is under repair.

A.whose B.which C.of which D.that

2)关系代词只能用that

a.先行词是形容词最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。

eg.This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

b.当先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时。

eg.What is the first foreign film that you have ever seen?

c.当先行词是不定代词，如：

all,any,some,much,little,few,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,the one等词时。

eg.Do you have anything that you don’t understand?

d.先行词被the very（正好）,the only,the last,any,few,little,just,next,no,all等词修饰时。

eg.The only thing that we can do is to help you out.

e.先行词既有表示人的词又有表示物的词。

eg.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

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高一英语定语从句的归纳

一．几个基本概念

1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。

4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。

﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as

﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why

5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】

6.引导词的功能（作用）：

﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。

﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。

7.定语从句的类型：

﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。

① 直接由引导词引导定语从句

The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导

The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

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一、限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

2) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

3) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

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高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

一．词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句

代替人 代替物 代替人或物

主语 Who which that

主语 Whom which that

宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)

例１：This is the detective who came from London.

例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

例３：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

例４：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

２．关系代词的用法

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：

All the people that are present burst into tears.

(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：

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初中英语定语从句小结

一 名词性从句:

1. 主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.

2. 主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语. :

3. 形式宾语

4. 由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句

5. whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同. 当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if. Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.

Whether he will come or not is not known.

6. 在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because.

The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.

二: 定语从句

1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.

2. 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.

3. as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.

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定语从句

【区别】限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰作用。

非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开，句子相当于并列句，状语从句。

一、关系代词分类

一、关系代词用法

【注】当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

例：

定语从句用法的其他要点

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