Preparation of n-bromobutane

一、Purpose

1、Study the principle and method of preparing n-butyl bromide from n-butyl alcohol by treatment with sodium bromide and concentrated sulfuric acid

2、Learn the technique of reflux with a gas trap apparatus and washing.

二、Principle

n-Butyl bromide can be easily prepared by allowing n-butyl alcohto react with sodium bromide and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Main reactions ：

NaBr + H2SO4 → HBr + NaHSO4

Secondary reactions：

；

三、Materials

n-butyl alcohol：4mL

Sodium bromide：5g

Concentrated sulfuric acid：2.5mL/6mL

Anhydrous calcium chloride:0.5g

10% aqueous sodium hydroxide:5mL

四、Primary reagent And Product physical constants

五、Apparatus

                       

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Determination of sodium chloride in saline

Purpose

Learning Silver nitrate standard solution preparation and calibration methods

Master Fajans method for the determination of chloride ions principle

Principle

In the PH value of 7-10.5, with fluorescent yellow as indicator, titration with AgNO3 standard chloride solution. Fluorescent yellow first dissociation in solution

HFIn    ====    H⁺+FIn^?

Before the end of excess chloride ions, chloride ions adsorbed silver chloride precipitation, the negatively charged surface, the equivalence point of excess silver ions to precipitate silver ions adsorbed positively charged surface. Precipitation of positively charged anion adsorption fluorescent yellow indicator dissociated, the configuration time change colors green and yellow to pink.

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Title: Preparation of Fe scrap from waste

(NH4) 2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O

The purpose of the experiment

Learn the method used scrap iron preparation of ferrous ammonium sulfate.

Familiar with the water bath, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure and crystallization basic working.

The experimental principle, the iron and sulfuric acid to generate reactive ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ammonium sulfate in an aqueous solution of equal molar interaction, becomes less soluble blue generate ferrous ammonium sulfate.

Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2 (gas)

FeSO4+ (NH4)2SO4+6H2O=(NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O Usually ferrous rocks are easily oxidized in air, but after the formation of relatively stable perfunctory, not to be oxidized.

Experiment to use instruments, scales, constant temperature water bath, pumps, basins, cups, 10ml graduated cylinder, asbestos mesh, glass, tripod, alcohol lamp, funnel.

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In the physiological saline the sodium chloride content determination

 one, the experimental goal

1、 the study silver nitrate standard solution configuration and the demarcation method

2、 the grasping law raises Si Fa to determine the chloride ion the method principle

two, the experimental principle

With AgNO3 standard solution titration Cl ^-    Ag ⁺ + Cl ^- = = AgCl，At ph 7.0 -10.5 available fluorescent yellow do indicator (HFIn)

HFIn = = FIn (yellow) + H ⁺

Sp before: excessive, AgCl precipitation adsorption of Cl ^-

AgCl Cl ^- + FIn ^- (yellow-green)

After Sp: Ag ⁺, excessive AgCl precipitation Ag ⁺ adsorption, adsorption FIn - reprecipitation

AgCl, Ag + + FIn ^- = = AgCl, Ag ⁺, FIn ^- (pink)

The finish color changes: from yellowish green to orange

Three, instruments and reagents

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Preparation of Ethyl Acetate

I.Experimental Objective

1. To grasp the esterification reaction principle and methods of preparation of ethyl acetate from acetic acid and ethanol.

2. To learn to reflow method on the reaction.

3.To review the use of distillation, separating funnel, basic operations, such as washing and drying of the liquid.

II. Principle of the Test

This experiment regarded glacial acetic acid and ethanol as raw material, it adopted the ethanol overdose and the suction effect of concentrated sulfuric acid to make the reaction goes smoothly.In addition to generating the main reaction of ethyl acetate, there is generated a side reaction of diethyl ether .

Primary reactions:

CHCHCHCOOH323+浓HSO24

?HOCHCOOCHCH2323+

Side reactions:

CHCH32浓HSO170 CoHHC22O+H2

2(CHCH)322浓HSO140 oC(CHCH)O322HO2+

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淄博市初中化学实验操作考查实验报告

学校           姓名         学籍号              考场号    座号    

            

                   

                      

                   

                  

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实验报告

姓名: 班级：

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