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TPO27

Task1

Reading

The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900C.E. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.

First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.

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In the reading, the author claims/ it proposes three theories to explain what caused the Little Ice Age that occurred in about 1350 to 1900 C.E. By contrast, the professor in the lecture points out none of the arguments suggested by the reading material is convincing. /the professor, however, reputes the writer’s opinion one by one with strong arguments. The specific points are listed below.

To start with/firstly, the professor states that the Gulf Stream generated by melted glaciers only caused cooling in Europe and North America, whereas the Southern hemisphere areas like New Zealand and South Africa also experienced the Little Ice Age/ the Little Ice Age took place in southern areas. Because the Gulf Stream theory could not account for that, thus the professor contradicts the reading's first argument.

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In terms whether the zebra mussel will exert negative influence on North American, the passage and lecture are contradictory to each other. The author believes that zebra mussel might do harm the local species as they arrived while the lecturer holds a different opinion.

First of all, the author makes a point that the history events suggest the zebra mussel's invasion is unstoppable. In the past, human transportation makes it possible for zebra mussel spread around the whole Europe and it is likely to happen again in North American. However, the lecturer demonstrates a different idea that a change made in the "ballast water" will prevent the invasion of zebra mussel from continuing. He says that if we refill the "ballast water" with ocean water, the mussel will no longer survive because the saline water might probably kill them all.

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In the reading, it mainly talks about that Rorbot E Peary has been to north pole because it has three striking evidneces. However, in the lecture, the professor thinks that the points provided in the reading are not convencing.

First of all, the reading points out that at the end of the investigation, the committee has concluded that Rorbot E Peary has been to the north pole. Nevertheless, the professor believes that the committee was not objective at all. Firstly, it was writed by his friends. What’s more, the investigation only msintained for two days and they can get precise conclusion in such a short time. So the committee is biased.

In addition, the reading states that the English explorer Tom Avery has proved the truth that the Rorbot E Peary could reach the north pole within 37 days. On the contrary, the professor argues against that there are many distinguishment between the Rorbot and Tom, because at that time, Rorbot had no food and met the most server weather, which will make them late to reach the north pole.

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In terms of the causes of the Little Ice Age, in the reading material, the author claims three possible causes of the Little Ice Age. However, the lecturer in the listening part says the causes mentioned in the reading are out of date. There is new information which can prove that the causes mentioned in the reading are not convincing.

First, the author says the Little Ice Age may cause by disrupting of glaciers which can affect Gulf Stream. But the professor points out the Gulf Stream can only influence few areas like Europe and North America. In fact, the Little Ice Age had effects on south hemisphere such as New Zealand and South Africa, too. So this theory cannot explain the cause of the Little Ice Age.

What's more, the writer claims that volcanoes eruption could be the cause of the Little Ice Age. The speaker admits that the volcano can release enough dust. But he argues that large amount of dust produced by volcano will bring striking visual effect that people can notice. Since there is no report of colorful sunset or grey snow at that time, the volcano is not strong enough to cause the Little Ice Age.

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Topic: parents are more involved in their children’s education than the parents in the past.

It is not uncommon to see that parents are have incredible zael to participate into their children’s education in many perspectives. At contemporary society, parents always take part in some semilars that are related to students’s study and force their children to join the extra-curricula classes which can help their chldren to improve acdemic performance. Therefore, as far as I am considerd, nowadays, parents’ involvement in kids’ study is much more emphasized than ever before.

Compared with the parents in the past,parents at present, have a strong will to make their children more competent in the future career. With the development of the society, the compitition in the modern society is increasingly fierce than ever before. Every parents want their children not only can survive in the compitition but also want them to be successful in the future. Hence, those parents take pains to achieve this ambitions on their own way and consequently, because they think education is the gateway to seccess, they should be involved in their children’ s study and help their children as well. On the contrary, because of the low living standre, parents in the past only think how to bring chilren up and let them survive, so there is no time for them to have such ambitions. Therefore, it is reasonable for us to think that parents nowdays are more interseted in children’s education.

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The passage claims that wood companies in US would probably not receive ecocertification as companies in other countries do. While, in the lecture, the professor points out several points to substantiate that American wood companies would be most likely to advertising their products by pursuing ecocertification.

First of all, the professor claims that consumers in American pay less attention to advertising and, in fact, they value the advertising which independent from companies, like Consumer Agency. Certainly, consumers in America would like their products to become more environmentally-friendly. Therefore, wood companies in US would want to receive this ecocertification to gain reputation. That differs from what the passage states that consumers would not value the eco-healthy label as much as these labels 'new' or 'improved'.

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