虚拟语气

　　在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气 (Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如： How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。

虚拟语气的构成

虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表

1 语法辨析

Incorrect: If I was a girl， I would marry you
Correct: If I were a girl， I would marry you
　表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用were，这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。

Incorrect: If I were you I will not worry
Correct: If I were you I shouldn't worry
　现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should 或would 加动词原形，这句话应译为我要是你的话，就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些，有礼貌些。

Incorrect: God forgives you!
Correct: God forgive you!
　这里的主语 God 是第三人称单数，之所以动词不加 s 是因为要表达一种祝愿，即人力所不能及的事情，实际上是 forgive前有一助动词should， May 等，但在口语中将其省略了。如： May you be happy 祝你幸福。

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高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气

虚拟语气

1） 概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

2） 在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

真实条件句

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。

时态关系

句型： 条件从句主句

一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形

If he comes, he will bring his violin.

典型例题

The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.

(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.

2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

非真实条件句

1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a.同现在事实相反的假设。

句型 ： 条件从句主句

一般过去时should( would) +动词原形

If they were here, they would help you.

b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型： 条件从句主句

过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词

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虚拟语气的用法总结

语气 语气的种类：

（1）陈述语气些感叹句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is!

（2）祈使语气 应注意以下几点：

1. 主语通常是第二人称youdo not 或者don’t 加动词

原形（或be） 如 2. 有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，-s或者-es 如 You

be quiet. He stand up.

3. 祈使语气可以用do 4. 在Let’s 的祈使句后，；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如 Let’s

，5. 祈使句与连词andand之后则是表示结果。如 Think hard

（3）虚拟语气 而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如

就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain 或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如 If 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，

例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.

If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.

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有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 句的句首。例如：

Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.

Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.

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20xx年高考英语虚拟语气语法总结

倒装结构

1） Had you (=If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

2） Were I (=If I were) you, I would do more practice after class.

3） Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.

2．虚拟条件句的特殊用法

A. 混合虚拟条件句

条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生.

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.

（从句述说现在，主句述说过去。）

If I had had more self-confidence, I would become a teacher.

（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If the rescue team hadn’t found him, he would be dead.

（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）

If she didn’t love driving, she wouldn’t have become a driver.

（从句述说现在，主句述说已发生。）

B. 含蓄虚拟条件句

虚拟条件通过下述词语引出的短语：

介词with, without, but for, if it had not been / if it were not for?etc 分词supposing动词suppose

并列连词or, otherwise, but, though, etc

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虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。

虚拟条件句

虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：

例句：

1.表示与现在事实相反

If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you.

If I were you ， I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.

If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If the had time, she should go with you.

2.表示与过去事实相反

If he had taken your advice ， he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.

She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

3.表示与将来事实相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.

If he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more.

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

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英语虚拟语气语法总结 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气

⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.

③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。

⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（19xx年x月四级第44题）

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虚拟语气用法总结大全

一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

二．虚拟语气在名词从句中

1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动

词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无

论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别

三． 虚拟语气的其他用法

省

一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

1. — If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.

—What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you. (20xx 湖南)

A. is B. was C. would be D. has been

2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the

Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (20xx 上海)

A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall

3. He hesitated（犹豫） for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. (20xx 上海春)

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