1. Problems in the New Century (举例法说明文)

Write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new century.

In the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live more advanced life. What used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near future. However, man will also have to confront with some problems that will curtail(剥夺)human beings of their existence.

First of all, pollution of all forms such as land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People complain all over the world that it is becoming harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible that in some countries we can’t find clean and clear rivers and white clouds in the sky! When the children draw a picture of their surroundings, they paint the green trees in gray, the red sun in gray, everything in gray, and they can’t find a pure environment except in the books.

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中考英语作文英语作文模板：图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),

　　significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______

　　 to ______ in _____。 From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it

　　goes without saying that ________。

　　　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______。

　　On　the　one　hand, ________。 On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　

　　due　to　the　fact　that ________。　In　addition, ________ is　

　　responsible　for _______。　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　

　　to　show ________。　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing。

　　　　As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______。

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第一段第一句（排比开头）

It 's the earth that gives us a place to live in ;it 's the earth that offers us beautiful sunshine ;it 's the earth that brings us fresh air .

Earth is the place to give us a place to live in; to offer us beautiful sunshine; to bring us fresh air.

Without good environment, we can't live a happy life; we can't enjoy the beautiful sunshine; we can't breathe fresh air.

If we are birds, earth is the sky; if we are fishes, earth is the sea; if we are horses, earth is the grassland.

第一段第二、三、四句

So protecting our earth\ environment is very important. But as middle school students, how can we protect our earth\ environment? Here are my ideas.

第二段

First, we should save water. The water that is suitable to drink in the world is becoming less and less. If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be our tear. Second, we should plant more trees. Planting more trees brings us not only more fresh air but also more shadow. It’s our duty to plant more trees. Third, we should pick up garbage. Garbage has polluted our earth too much seriously. We should pick up the garbage so that we can. The more garbage we pick up, the more beautiful our earth will be.

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英语说明文的写作方法

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， 必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出

举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法

在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。 however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

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1.Illustration（举例法）

一．使用例证法可以把一些观点描述得更具体

二．什么时候用例证法？

三．作者想要阐明或者支撑他的论点的时候。有时候用一个例子就够了，有的时候需要一系列的例子。

四．例子里用什么？

五．例子里可以包括：统计数字、谚语、名人名言、事实、调查、定义。

六．如何用例子？

例子可以更紧密的连接上下文。用过度词来引出例子。

七．组织你的例子按一定的顺序，逐渐提高重要性，最重要的一个例子放在最后。

4.Process （过程分析法）

Eg：作文让你介绍“电梯是如何运行的”之类的。

过程分析法是按照时间顺序来介绍的。

一．何时用过程分析：过程分析法是描述如何做一些事情或者一些事务是怎么运行的。

二．如何来组织过程分析：

1.简单地进行说明

2.文章大致分为五个段落

3.对于某些专业词汇，需要在文章的开头阐述一下

4.结论不要太长，解释清楚即可

（一些重要技巧：

1.在写作前要想好所有的步骤，把他们列出来，不要错过任何一个步骤；

2.将每一步解释的尽可能地清楚：例如你要介绍“保险丝”这个东西，不能称之为“short piece”，而要说成是“one inch”，因为“short piece”可以是one to three inches

3.在介绍步骤的同时顺便可以讲一下某些步骤的原因，这样可以使文章更加连贯

4.在步骤中有一些不能做的事情也要尽可能地写出来，警告读者不要做什么。例如警告读者不要把手放到保险丝里。

5.提到在步骤实行的过程中可能出现的情况，对于读者来说也非常的人性化，确定要让读者知道这些可能出现的问题。）

6.专业术语：你应该让读者能够理解你写的是什么东西，尽可能描述清楚。）

三．如何来开头介绍过程分析

对于“how to”这种的过程分析的开头，你应该给你的读者一些凭证——告诉他们为什么要听从你说的步骤，听从你说的步骤的优点、好处是什么。好的过程描述来源于满足于读者的好奇心。

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英语四级作文写作思路及练习：说明文

说明文是用言简意赅的语言来介绍客观事物，讲清事理，并给人增加知识的一种文体。说明文解说事物的特点、发展变化规律，分析前因后果，目的在于使读者“明白事理”，获得必要的信息，对事物有个较完整明晰的了解和认识。说明文不同于记叙文和议论文，它重在给人介绍，让人明白，因而，轻“情义”重事实。说明文与议论文关系密切，有人将其统称为议论文。但在写作的目的和方法上两者仍有区别。说明文主要是通过事实客观地解释或说明事物本身;而议论文则以事实、数据等为证据，表明主观见解，使读者信服或赞同某一观点。历年四级考试中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及图表作文的第一段都属于说明文的范畴，如，20xx年6月的根据坐标图写题为“Students Use of Computers”的作文。说明文必须按一定的顺序进行说明：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序，选择具体的特点和细节来说明。所以，说明文的思路要围绕说明顺序、事物的特点和细节展开。例如：

范文点评

A Famous Clock

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time.

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考试作文分类：

1.应用文2.记叙文3.说明文4.议论文

满分作文的要素：

1. 题目中的各个点必须 得有，不能有任何遗漏；

2. 体现自己的语态与时态变化能力

3. 亮点词汇与亮点短语；

4. 书写整齐，字迹工整

应该注意的几点：

1. 应用三段式

2. 单句单谓语原则;

3. 首尾段亮点原则；

4. 明确及物动词与非及物动词。

一. 应用文体

书信：

信件开头模板：

I am very glad to hear form you.

How time fles.

With great delight i learn that ......

Sorry for delaying this letter so long .

As i have not heard of you for long ,i feel anxious. Thank you for your kind letter.

I have just recievee your kind letter.

We feel it our duty to tell you that

结束语：

Looking forward to a prompt reply.

Weth kind regards to your family,

Please give my compliments to your family,

Wish you a pleasant journey.

Best wishes to you.

对于邀请信来说，

发出邀请：

i am writing to invite you to ......

we hope you will be able to join us and......

接受邀请：

We look forward with pleasure to joining you.

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