说明文类

写作指导

说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下： 第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称； 第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来；

第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。

常用词有：

①表示时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later, before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then

②表示顺序、动作过程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next

③表示转折：but, yet, and yet, however, although, otherwise, in spite of

④表示结果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately

⑤表示强调： above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most

⑥表示并列： and, also, as well as, and then

⑦表示递进： besides, what's more, in addition, even, once more, what was worse

⑧表示解释和说明： that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, according this, for this reason

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中考英语作文英语作文模板：图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),

　　significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______

　　 to ______ in _____。 From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it

　　goes without saying that ________。

　　　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______。

　　On　the　one　hand, ________。 On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　

　　due　to　the　fact　that ________。　In　addition, ________ is　

　　responsible　for _______。　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　

　　to　show ________。　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing。

　　　　As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______。

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1. Problems in the New Century (举例法说明文)

Write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new century.

In the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live more advanced life. What used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near future. However, man will also have to confront with some problems that will curtail(剥夺)human beings of their existence.

First of all, pollution of all forms such as land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People complain all over the world that it is becoming harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible that in some countries we can’t find clean and clear rivers and white clouds in the sky! When the children draw a picture of their surroundings, they paint the green trees in gray, the red sun in gray, everything in gray, and they can’t find a pure environment except in the books.

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第二章 说明文

第1节 人物介绍

精彩示例

My Best Friend

My best friend is Li Hua. He is 13 years old and he is a student of Guangming middle school. He is very tall and strong. He works hard at school and would like to help others. When I came to this school in the beginning, I was bad at math and English. I failed in a test and was worried about my study. At this time, Li Hua gave me a hand and helped to improve my math and English. Thanks to his help, my math and English improved a lot and I got good results in the following exams. Gradually we became very good friends. In my opinion, Li Hua is not only an excellent student but also a helpful and kind person. Everyone would like to be his friend.

牛刀小试

A

Mrs Brown

Mrs Brown is an excellent teacher. She is a good-looking woman, with gentle manners and a kind smile. Mrs Brown likes her work very much. She works hard and tries her best to make every class perfect. Listening to her talk is an artistic

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第一段第一句（排比开头）

It 's the earth that gives us a place to live in ;it 's the earth that offers us beautiful sunshine ;it 's the earth that brings us fresh air .

Earth is the place to give us a place to live in; to offer us beautiful sunshine; to bring us fresh air.

Without good environment, we can't live a happy life; we can't enjoy the beautiful sunshine; we can't breathe fresh air.

If we are birds, earth is the sky; if we are fishes, earth is the sea; if we are horses, earth is the grassland.

第一段第二、三、四句

So protecting our earth\ environment is very important. But as middle school students, how can we protect our earth\ environment? Here are my ideas.

第二段

First, we should save water. The water that is suitable to drink in the world is becoming less and less. If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be our tear. Second, we should plant more trees. Planting more trees brings us not only more fresh air but also more shadow. It’s our duty to plant more trees. Third, we should pick up garbage. Garbage has polluted our earth too much seriously. We should pick up the garbage so that we can. The more garbage we pick up, the more beautiful our earth will be.

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Compose a piece of expository writing (说明文）, which begins with a statement of opinion, then goes on to give supporting details, and finally ends in a conclusion. No less than 200 words.

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作文题模版 (提纲式模块)

说明原因型模块（1）

Nowadays, there are more and more XX in some big cities. It is estimated that (1). Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that (2). Besides, (3). The third reason is (4). To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to (5). It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, (6). On the other hand,(7). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX.

注释：

（1）用具体数据说明XX现象

（2）原因一

（3）原因二

（4）原因三

（5）指出主要原因

（6）解决建议一

（7）解决建议二

范文：Generation gap between parents and children

Nowadays, there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so-called generation gap. It is estimated that (75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned). Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that (the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes, thus the disagreement often rises between them). Besides(due to having little in common to talk about, they are not willing to sit face to face). The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to (lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should respect their parents). On the other hand, (parents also should show solicitude for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.

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