顶岗实习既是免费师范生专业发展中一个必不可少的重要途径，又是检验三年所学教师教育知识以及教师基本技能的试验地，而且还能让免费师范生通过顶岗实习认识到自身的优势和不足。针对顶岗实习过程反映出的免费师范生教育培养模式优势与不足等问题，本研究对150名湖南第一师范学院10级免费师范顶岗实习生进行了问卷调查。发现：顶岗实习的免费师范生基本上能够完成中小学教育教学的工作职责；教育理念方面以及工作适应上表现出一些优势；也反映出高师院校在免费师范生培养上存在的一些缺陷，如：（1）在教师技能方面如课堂上的音量、说话的速度、板书板画等等方面的能力还有待提升。（2）顶岗实习生不知道怎样将自己的知识有效的传输给学生转化成为学生自己的知识。（3）教师角色的威信度不够，面对学生严厉和温和这个度把握不好。（4）课堂教学能力较强，但是课堂纪律和班级管理的能力不足。（5）教育理论与教育实践衔接不上。（6）教育教学理论知识掌握不足的，如：班级管理学、课堂管理学和儿童心理发展学等等。本研究认为顶岗实习生在实习过程中暴露出的问题除了个人因素外还与高师院校对免费师范生培养模式中存在的缺陷有关。本研究发现高师院校对免费师范生的培养存在问题如：（1）课程设置存在问题。（2）教学评价方式不合理。（3）教育实践培养不足。针对发现的问题建议如下：（1）优化课程结构和门类。（2）优化课程评价体系。（3）优化教育实践。
Internships is not noly an essential way to the professional development of cost free normal students, and a test to detect the students’ teaching knowledge and basic skills, but also allows them to realize their superiorities and shortcomings through a internship. Aiming to the advantages and disadvantages in cost free normal education reflected in the process of internships, this paper conducted a survey by questionnaire to 150 cost free normal students in Hunan First Normal University. The survey shows that: the cost free normal students are basically able to complete primary education teaching duties in the process of internship; it also reflects the drawbacks existed in the education of cost free normal students in normal university. such as: ( 1 ) teachers' skills in the classroom have to be improved, such as the volume, speaking rate, blackboard drawing, etc.. ( 2 ) they do not know how to transfer their knowledge to students effectively. ( 3 ) they do not have enough prestige to be a teacher, and they can’t get clear whether to be severe or moderate when facing to students. ( 4 ) they have a strong classroom teaching ability , but they are short with the ability to control classroom discipline and they are not good at classroom management. ( 5) Their treching theory is not correspond with their teaching practice. ( 6 )they are shrot with the knowledge of teaching theory, such as: Classroom Management, Classroom Management and Psychological Development of Children and so on. This study suggests that problems exposed in the process of internship are not only related to personal factors but also to the drawbacks existed in the education of cost free normal students in normal university. the drawbacks existed in the education of cost free normal students in normal university that founded in this study are as follows: ( 1 ) curriculum problems. ( 2 ) teaching evaluation problems. ( 3 ) the short of educational practice. This paper puts forward the following recommendations aims to the above problems: ( 1 ) Optimizing the course structure and categories. ( 2 ) Optimizing the course evaluation system. ( 3 ) Optimizing the teaching practices.
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摘 要：毕业实习是大学一次重要的实践性教学环节。通过毕业实习不仅可可以使我们在时间过程中接触与专业相关的实际工作，了解未来就业工作环境；还能增强我们的感性认识培养和锻炼我们综合运用所学的基础理论、基本技能和专业知识。通过实习把理论和实际结合起来，是我们的专业综合能力。本次实习分别通过威远县电业局和国家电力金堂发电厂的实习学习到了更多书本上没有的东西，为以后的就业打下了坚实的基础。
