六．图表分析法

图表作文要求学生首先看懂图表展示的内容，然后用图标中的数据作为论据对主题进行讨论，最后得出合乎情理的结论。

描述图表时常用的词语如下：

1）表示各种图表

Table 表格

Chart 曲线图

Line graph 线条图

Bar chart 条形图

Pie chart 饼形图

2）表示 “如图所示”

According to the table…

As (is) shown/indicated/ illustrated in the chart…

The line graph shows/ indicates /illustrateds that…

3) 表示时间跨度

From 1990 to 1999

Over the period from 1981 to 2001

During the past three decades

Between 1998 and 2001

4) 表示“上升”

Increase / rise / go up

5) 表示 “下降”

Decrease / fall/ go down

6) 表示 “上升/下降到…

To

7) 表示“ 上升/下降了…

By

8) 表示“呈上升趋势”

On the rise/ increase

Tend to go up/ rise /increase

9) 表示“呈下降趋势”

On the decline

Tend to go dwon/ decrease / fall

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英语图表作文范文

1. The charts below show the percentage of their food budget the average family spent on restaurant meals in different years. The graph shows the number of meals eaten in fast food restaurants and sit-down restaurants.

You should write at least 150 words.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Over the past 30 years, the average family has dramatically increased the number of meals that they eat at restaurants. The percentage of the family's food budget spent on restaurant meals steadily climbed. Just 10 percent of the food budget was spent on restaurant meals in 1970, and 15 percent in 1980. That percentage more than doubled in 1990, to 35 percent, and rose again in 2000 to 50 percent.

Where families eat their restaurant meals also changed during that 30-year period. In 1970, families ate the same number of meals at fast food and sit-down restaurants. In 1980, families ate slightly more frequently at sit-down restaurants. However, since 1990, fast food restaurants serve more meals to the families than do the sit-down restaurants. Most of the restaurant meals from 2000 were eaten at fast food restaurants. If this pattern continues, eventually the number of meals that families eat at fast food restaurants could double the number of meals they eat at sit-down restaurants.

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书面表达讲解与训练——图表类写作

一. 教学内容：

书面表达讲解与训练——图表类写作

［如何写图表作文］

    图表作文多以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生根据所给的图表、数据及标题进行分析、研究，阅读其中的文字和说明，弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼和确定出文章的中心思想。

然后进行分析、概括和归纳。注意：1）图表和数据内容不必全部描述。2）善于抓住总的规律，趋势，归纳增减率。 3）时态：特定时间用过去时。经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。

［图表作文形式有］

    数字表：曲线图(line graph)              表格   (table)

    图形表：饼状图(pie chart)            条状图(bar chart)

［常见的表达用语］

    短语:

    上升

    go up to/ climb to/ increase to/ rise to/jump to

    The population of this city has been increasing so rapidly that it has now amounted to 250 million.

    There was a rapid increase between 1993 and 1994, and the number then jumped to five million in 1995.

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图表描述专题训练（一）

这类作文时，注意以下几点：

第一，审题时，除了要把握好图表的表层信息外， 还要分析图标的深层含义，如原因、根源、可能的发展趋势等。图表中所提供的说明文字往往是问题的切入点，一定要仔细分析。

第二，描述数据时要抓住重点，为中心服务，不必面面俱到，切忌毫无目的地罗列图表中的数据。如果数据较多，抓住图表中的极端点（如最大或最小、最多或最少，最好或最差）和基本相同进行描述。

第三，主题句应明确，最好放在文章的开头，这样会使重点突出，主题明了。

图表范例一

Students Use of Computers

例文：    Students Use of Computers

提纲： 1. 上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间： 1990年（2 hours）, 1995年 (4 hours), 20##年 (14 hours)，请描述其变化；

       2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；

       3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

参考范文(1)

Student Use of Computers

As is clearly shown in the chart, the number of hours students spent on computers increased from two to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. Especially, the number rose to about 14 hour per week in 2002.

There are three factors leading to the change. To begin with, the price of computers is getting much lower than before so that many students can afford it. In addition, it is very convenient for us to study with the help of computers. For example, e-mails enable us to keep in touch with our teachers and friends. Last but not least, with fast development of the modern society, a computer has become a must for many people. To sum up, low price, convenience and wide use contribute to the increase in the use of computers.

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英语图表作文范文　

　日用花销统计

　　Statistics in People's Daily Expenses in Xi'an

　　YearItem 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

　　Food 66% 61% 48% 41% 36%

　　Clothing 9% 10% 12% 15% 18%

　　Recreation 4% 5% 8% 9% 11%

　　[2.图画/图表描述段]What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi' an from 1995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another.

　　[6.原因列军段]There are two factors accounting for these changes. Development in economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increased year after year.

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第一部分、写作模板——图表式作文

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak of …(多少).

What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).

From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).

第二部分、写作模板——提纲式作文

一、说明原因型

模块(一)

Nowadays , there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.

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人口增长对野生动物的影响（99年真题）

　　[2.图画/图表描述段] From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet.

　　[6.原因列军段]Why does this phenomenon appear? There are several possible reasons for this. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Even worse(坏)/More importantly(好), as the result（中性） /consequence（贬义）of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.

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