1. Problems in the New Century (举例法说明文)

Write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new century.

In the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live more advanced life. What used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near future. However, man will also have to confront with some problems that will curtail(剥夺)human beings of their existence.

First of all, pollution of all forms such as land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People complain all over the world that it is becoming harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible that in some countries we can’t find clean and clear rivers and white clouds in the sky! When the children draw a picture of their surroundings, they paint the green trees in gray, the red sun in gray, everything in gray, and they can’t find a pure environment except in the books.

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第一段第一句（排比开头）

It 's the earth that gives us a place to live in ;it 's the earth that offers us beautiful sunshine ;it 's the earth that brings us fresh air .

Earth is the place to give us a place to live in; to offer us beautiful sunshine; to bring us fresh air.

Without good environment, we can't live a happy life; we can't enjoy the beautiful sunshine; we can't breathe fresh air.

If we are birds, earth is the sky; if we are fishes, earth is the sea; if we are horses, earth is the grassland.

第一段第二、三、四句

So protecting our earth\ environment is very important. But as middle school students, how can we protect our earth\ environment? Here are my ideas.

第二段

First, we should save water. The water that is suitable to drink in the world is becoming less and less. If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be our tear. Second, we should plant more trees. Planting more trees brings us not only more fresh air but also more shadow. It’s our duty to plant more trees. Third, we should pick up garbage. Garbage has polluted our earth too much seriously. We should pick up the garbage so that we can. The more garbage we pick up, the more beautiful our earth will be.

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(五)

说明文写作方法

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。

按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型:

1.例证法

这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。

2.定义法

下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。

3.分类法

分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。

4.因果关系法

事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括"由果推因"(由结果去推测原因)和"由因推果"(由原因去推测结果)两种情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系。

5.过程分析法

过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关

系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是"What happens";因果关系研究的对象是"Why it happens",而过程分析研究的对象是 "How it happens"

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英语说明文的写作方法

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， 必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出

举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法

在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。 however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

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中考英语作文英语作文模板：图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),

　　significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______

　　 to ______ in _____。 From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it

　　goes without saying that ________。

　　　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______。

　　On　the　one　hand, ________。 On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　

　　due　to　the　fact　that ________。　In　addition, ________ is　

　　responsible　for _______。　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　

　　to　show ________。　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing。

　　　　As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______。

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第二章 说明文

第1节 人物介绍

精彩示例

My Best Friend

My best friend is Li Hua. He is 13 years old and he is a student of Guangming middle school. He is very tall and strong. He works hard at school and would like to help others. When I came to this school in the beginning, I was bad at math and English. I failed in a test and was worried about my study. At this time, Li Hua gave me a hand and helped to improve my math and English. Thanks to his help, my math and English improved a lot and I got good results in the following exams. Gradually we became very good friends. In my opinion, Li Hua is not only an excellent student but also a helpful and kind person. Everyone would like to be his friend.

牛刀小试

A

Mrs Brown

Mrs Brown is an excellent teacher. She is a good-looking woman, with gentle manners and a kind smile. Mrs Brown likes her work very much. She works hard and tries her best to make every class perfect. Listening to her talk is an artistic

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说明文

1.

? In recent years, …... （现象表现或变化）.In addition/Besides, ……（进一步阐述现

象）.This phenomenon has aroused hot discussion.

? ……（总述现象）play a significant role in …（某方面）…….（进一步阐述该现象的原

因）.Therefore, ……（总结现象导致的结果）.However, some people argue that ……（问题1） . In addition, ……（问题2）.

? In my opinion, ……（个人观点/态度/ 建议）. Furthermore, ……（补充说明看法 ）. In a

word, ……（总结）.

2.

? Nowadays, there exist(s) ……（事实/现象） …….（进一步阐述该现象） . However, the

reasons for ……（现象概括）are varied.

? To begin with, ……（原因1）. Moreover, ……（原因2）. In addition, ……（原因3）.

Finally, …… （原因4）.

? As to me/As far as I’m concerned, …… （个人观点）. On the one hand, ……（原因1）. On

the other hand, ……（原因2）. In brief, ……（总结）.

3.

? As is well known, …（提出问题）. It is obvious that …（原因1）. Additionally, …（原因

2）. So how to …（解决问题） is worth paying attention to.

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